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hi thanks for joining us for today's

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google plus hangout i'm nicole creator

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masters for johnson space for public

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affairs and today i think the entire

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space agency is abuzz with the news that

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we've selected eight new individuals as

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as you can imagine this has been

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dramatic news for them as well so they

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are busy sharing this news with their

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friends and family and likely their

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employers as well and making some

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adjustments and transitions there so

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we'll continue to keep you posted on

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their progress as they near for their

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arrival here in houston but in the

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meantime we have four people with us who

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have been in their shoes so joining us

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here at the johnson space center studio

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our two veteran astronauts dr ellen

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ochoa who is a veteran of four space

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flights and is now the director for

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johnson space center

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and also dr janet cavandi who likewise

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is a veteran of three space flights and

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now is the director for flight crew

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operations also joining us elsewhere

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here at the jsc is astronauts mike

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foreman and kate rubin so we'll be

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talking to them a little bit later um

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but for now let's uh turn it over to dr

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ochoa to tell us a little bit about what

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this is

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what this

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means it's an exciting day for nasa and

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particularly here at johnson space

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center which is the home of the

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astronaut corps and of mission control

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we work with a team all across nasa a

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really talented team who help advance

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space exploration

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and astronauts are often the most public

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face of that and so in addition to

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looking for people who have the

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technical and the operations expertise

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to carry out activities in space

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we also ask those people to really

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represent the whole team to be nasa's

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ambassadors

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and i think when you hear a little bit

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more about the people that we've

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selected you'll see that not only do

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they have you know the incredible talent

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and some really interesting experiences

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but they have a real passion for the job

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and and we think they'll be wonderful

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ambassadors for us

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it definitely does take me back um

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actually not only to when i was selected

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to but really to the day i first stepped

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foot

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on johnson space center which was a few

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years before that when i first came to

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interview for the astronaut corps

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and i can remember just being here

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thinking wow this is like hallowed

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ground it's you know it's just a special

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place to be

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and when i was selected and it was so

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exciting to think i was joining the

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talented team here

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and we have continued to

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make really difficult things happen in

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space over the years that i've been here

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we're doing amazing things on board the

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international space station right now

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and we're involved in developing the

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systems the technologies and the plans

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for exploring beyond low earth orbit so

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we're really excited to welcome eight

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new people to this enterprise

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thanks ellen and there with you is janet

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who as the chair of the astronaut

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selection board at this point probably

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knows these people as good as anybody

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janet why don't you just go ahead and

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take a moment to to introduce introduce

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us to this class and tell us a little

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bit about them

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yeah we're really really proud of this

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class and we're really excited to bring

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them here i think when you hear about

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them just a little bit and as i go over

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each one i think you'll get a sense of

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the type of quality of individuals that

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we've selected

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so let's go ahead and i'll show you a

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few pictures of these individuals as i

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tell you a little bit about them

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so first up we have dr josh casada

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he's a civilian

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former navy pilot

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he was born in san diego california

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but considers white bear lake minnesota

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his hometown

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he's currently living in michigan

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his education he has a physics degree a

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bachelor of physics from albion college

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a master's in physics from the

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university of rochester and a phd in

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physics from the university of rochester

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and his

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thesis that was about subatomic

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particles specifically top quarks and

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anti-top quarks

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he and the navy he was a

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test he attended test pilot school

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uh he flew p3s p8s and he was a p38n

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t6 instructor pilot

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he was chief of flight operations for p8

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acceptance at

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the for the u.s navy for the defense

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contract management agency in seattle

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and he

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is currently chief technology officer

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for a startup company called quantum

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opus

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and he just recently did that in april

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2013. so he's going undergoing some

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changes in multiple ways

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he and one in the navy he was part of 23

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combat missions

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he also

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received a humanitarian award for relief

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work in sumatra

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he enjoys scuba diving running and

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skiing he's got over 24 hundreds

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2400 hours of flying

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okay we'll move on to the next candidate

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now this is lieutenant commander victor

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j glover

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he was born in pomona california

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considers prosper texas his hometown

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currently lives in washington dc

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he received a bachelor of science in

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engineering from the california

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polytechnic state university

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a master's in flight test engineering

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from the air university a master's in

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systems engineering from naval

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postgraduate school and a master's in

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military and operational arts and

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sciences from the area

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he was a combat pilot

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on strike strike fighter squadron 3-4

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he also attended u.s air force test

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pilot school

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he was an f-18 test pilot and project

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officer

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and department head at the strike

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fighters squadron in japan

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currently he's a continuing u.s naval

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officer and a legislative fellow for the

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united states congress he flew 24 combat

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missions he's a scuba diver

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and he enjoys education outreach he has

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over 2 000 hours

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of flying experience

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next we have lieutenant colonel

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and the us air force nick hague is born

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in velvet belleville kansas but

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considers hoxie kansas's hometown

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he currently lives in alexandria

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virginia

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uh nick received a bachelor's degree in

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aeros aeronautical engineering from the

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us air force academy and a master's

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degree in aeronautics and aeronautics at

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mit

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he

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is f-15 an f-16 flight test engineer and

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also a t-38 pilot

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he was also a u.s air force legislative

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fellow and a congressional liaison

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currently he's the r d deputy chief at

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the joint improvised explosive advice

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and defeat organization

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he's got 139 combat missions he's a

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scuba dive master and a private pilot

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it's 523 hours of flight time

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moving on

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christina hammock civilian born in grand

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rapids michigan

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hometown of jacksonville north carolina

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her education she received a bachelor's

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degree in electrical engineering

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a second bachelor's degree in physics

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and a master master's degree in

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electrical engineering from north

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carolina state university

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she was an electrical engineer

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worked on x-ray

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detection at nasa goddard

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she also was an electrical engineer at

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john hopkins applied research lab

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excuse me applied physics lab

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she was a research associate for a

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cryogenics techno and technician

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cryogenics technician for raytheon

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and a science technician polar field

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services company she did two winter

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seasons in greenland and she did a

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season in antarctica as part of her

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research

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she's a scuba diver a rock climber and

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nicole mann is a major in the marine

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corps

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she born in padaluma california

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considers penn grove california her

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hometown

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she has a bachelor's degree in

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mechanical engineering from the u.s

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naval academy and a master's degree in

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mechanical engineering from stanford

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she was an f-18 or currently is an f-18

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pilot for the marine corps she served in

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iraq

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she went to u.s navy test pilot school

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and she's currently an f-18 test pilot's

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an operations officer and integrated

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product team lead at patuxent river

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she's also a scuba diver

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she was a naval academy soccer team

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captain

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and she is interested and has

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participated in triathlons and

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backcountry camping

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and mclean

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is a major in the us army

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she was born and considers her hometown

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spokane washington

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she has a bachelor's degree in

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mechanical engineering from west point

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and an ms or sorry a master's in public

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health from the university of bath

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and a master's degree in an

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international security from the

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university of bristol

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she is a rotary wing pilot and command

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squadron intelligence officer from

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maintenance detachment commander and

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maintenance detachment commander

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she served in iraqi freedom she had 230

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combat missions

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she's also a rotary wing instructor

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pilot and operations officer

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she flies oh 58 delta kiowa warriors and

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she just recently as of last friday

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graduated from test pilot school the u.s

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naval test pilot school

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she's also has been selected and played

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on the us women's national rugby team

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she's also scuba open water diver and

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has her commercial

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rating she has over 1600 hours of flight

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next we have

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dr jessica muir

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she was born in caribou maine and

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considers that her hometown

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her education is a ba in biology from

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brown university a master's degree in

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space studies from the international

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space university

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and a phd in marine biology from scripps

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institution of oceanography

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she's got a broad

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work experience including uh field work

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in antarctica she's done four field

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deployments of two and a half months

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each

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at penguin ranch where she studied

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penguins did research on them in

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antarctica she's also a technical scuba

283
00:11:19,110 --> 00:11:16,720
diver she's done ice diving

284
00:11:21,030 --> 00:11:19,120
and she's done principal investigation

285
00:11:23,030 --> 00:11:21,040
project management at the university of

286
00:11:24,870 --> 00:11:23,040
british columbia where she studied

287
00:11:26,949 --> 00:11:24,880
bar-headed geese

288
00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:26,959
and she's also has experience in

289
00:11:31,750 --> 00:11:29,440
mongolia she's currently assistant

290
00:11:34,550 --> 00:11:31,760
professor at harvard medical school and

291
00:11:37,110 --> 00:11:34,560
the massachusetts general hospital

292
00:11:39,910 --> 00:11:37,120
she's also a scuba diver an under ice

293
00:11:42,710 --> 00:11:39,920
diver a floutist and a private pilot

294
00:11:46,870 --> 00:11:42,720
instrument rated pilot

295
00:11:49,430 --> 00:11:46,880
she's got 180 hours of flying time

296
00:11:50,310 --> 00:11:49,440
and last but certainly not least we have

297
00:11:57,670 --> 00:11:50,320
dr

298
00:11:58,790 --> 00:11:57,680
army he was born in morgantown west

299
00:12:00,949 --> 00:11:58,800
virginia

300
00:12:02,230 --> 00:12:00,959
considers newcastle pennsylvania his

301
00:12:05,030 --> 00:12:02,240
hometown

302
00:12:06,629 --> 00:12:05,040
currently lives in in fort belvoir

303
00:12:08,069 --> 00:12:06,639
virginia

304
00:12:10,069 --> 00:12:08,079
he has his bachelor's degree in

305
00:12:11,030 --> 00:12:10,079
environmental engineering from west

306
00:12:14,230 --> 00:12:11,040
point

307
00:12:16,710 --> 00:12:14,240
and his doctorate degree md and from the

308
00:12:19,110 --> 00:12:16,720
uniformed services university of the

309
00:12:20,550 --> 00:12:19,120
health sciences

310
00:12:23,509 --> 00:12:20,560
he

311
00:12:26,550 --> 00:12:23,519
was a staff emergency physician at wilma

312
00:12:29,190 --> 00:12:26,560
army medical center operational medical

313
00:12:32,710 --> 00:12:29,200
officer at joint special operations

314
00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:32,720
command he's been deployed to iraq to

315
00:12:38,629 --> 00:12:36,240
afghanistan and to africa he is also a

316
00:12:41,190 --> 00:12:38,639
team physician for the golden knights

317
00:12:44,710 --> 00:12:41,200
and he also jumped with the golden

318
00:12:45,750 --> 00:12:44,720
knights and has about 380 hour parachute

319
00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:45,760
jumps

320
00:12:48,310 --> 00:12:47,040
he is currently

321
00:12:51,430 --> 00:12:48,320
medical element

322
00:12:54,949 --> 00:12:51,440
commander senior medical officer

323
00:12:57,030 --> 00:12:54,959
and is on his way to move down here with

324
00:13:00,389 --> 00:12:57,040
with us he attended the army rangers

325
00:13:01,910 --> 00:13:00,399
school also scuba diver and rescue diver

326
00:13:03,509 --> 00:13:01,920
and has run the u.s marine corps

327
00:13:07,430 --> 00:13:03,519
marathon and participated in

328
00:13:09,110 --> 00:13:07,440
ultramarathons he has 356 hours of

329
00:13:11,110 --> 00:13:09,120
flight time

330
00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:11,120
so as you can tell

331
00:13:16,150 --> 00:13:13,440
it's quite an amazing group of people

332
00:13:18,069 --> 00:13:16,160
we've selected with you know a smaller

333
00:13:20,470 --> 00:13:18,079
astronaut core fewer people in the

334
00:13:23,750 --> 00:13:20,480
office now each person needs to have as

335
00:13:25,670 --> 00:13:23,760
diverse a background as possible so we

336
00:13:28,230 --> 00:13:25,680
tried to work hard to make sure that

337
00:13:30,470 --> 00:13:28,240
eight people we got had a broad spectrum

338
00:13:32,829 --> 00:13:30,480
of experiences and i think you can tell

339
00:13:35,509 --> 00:13:32,839
that from from their

340
00:13:36,550 --> 00:13:35,519
qualifications thanks janet absolutely

341
00:13:38,310 --> 00:13:36,560
it definitely

342
00:13:40,470 --> 00:13:38,320
like you said crosses the broad spectrum

343
00:13:43,509 --> 00:13:40,480
i think almost every area of expertise

344
00:13:45,509 --> 00:13:43,519
seems covered there well we have a next

345
00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:45,519
video which is some special words from

346
00:13:49,350 --> 00:13:47,440
nasa administrator charles bolden

347
00:13:54,550 --> 00:13:49,360
congratulating this selection so we'll

348
00:13:57,670 --> 00:13:55,509
hello

349
00:13:59,269 --> 00:13:57,680
i'm nasa administrator charlie bolden

350
00:14:01,509 --> 00:13:59,279
and i'm excited to be a part of this

351
00:14:03,750 --> 00:14:01,519
google plus hangout where you'll learn

352
00:14:05,030 --> 00:14:03,760
more about the 21st class of nasa

353
00:14:07,189 --> 00:14:05,040
astronauts

354
00:14:09,189 --> 00:14:07,199
we're very proud of this select group

355
00:14:10,389 --> 00:14:09,199
and look forward to helping you get to

356
00:14:13,269 --> 00:14:10,399
know them

357
00:14:15,110 --> 00:14:13,279
the astronaut candidates of 2013 come

358
00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:15,120
from the second largest pool of

359
00:14:19,430 --> 00:14:17,440
applications we've ever received more

360
00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:19,440
than 6300

361
00:14:24,790 --> 00:14:21,920
these new space explorers asked to join

362
00:14:27,269 --> 00:14:24,800
nasa because they know we're doing big

363
00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:27,279
bold things here developing missions to

364
00:14:31,110 --> 00:14:29,440
go farther than ever before

365
00:14:33,269 --> 00:14:31,120
they're excited about the science we're

366
00:14:35,509 --> 00:14:33,279
doing on the international space station

367
00:14:38,150 --> 00:14:35,519
and our plan to launch from u.s soil on

368
00:14:40,150 --> 00:14:38,160
spacecraft built by american companies

369
00:14:43,030 --> 00:14:40,160
and they're ready to help lead the first

370
00:14:45,910 --> 00:14:43,040
human mission to an asteroid and then on

371
00:14:47,750 --> 00:14:45,920
to mars to these new members of the nasa

372
00:14:50,550 --> 00:14:47,760
family i offer my heartiest

373
00:14:53,189 --> 00:14:50,560
congratulations and welcome each of you

374
00:14:55,269 --> 00:14:53,199
on behalf of the nation space program

375
00:14:57,590 --> 00:14:55,279
i'm personally awed by your individual

376
00:14:59,750 --> 00:14:57,600
achievements and we're all inspired by

377
00:15:02,949 --> 00:14:59,760
your commitment to exploration and

378
00:15:04,870 --> 00:15:02,959
taking america to new heights in space

379
00:15:06,389 --> 00:15:04,880
i remember when i got the call that i

380
00:15:07,189 --> 00:15:06,399
had been selected for the astronaut

381
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:07,199
corps

382
00:15:11,590 --> 00:15:09,839
it was a once-in-a-lifetime feeling

383
00:15:13,350 --> 00:15:11,600
i know all of our new astronauts will

384
00:15:15,990 --> 00:15:13,360
make us proud and lead us to new

385
00:15:18,470 --> 00:15:16,000
frontiers they're very important to our

386
00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:18,480
future and believe me

387
00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:30,069
okay so um even in that video

388
00:15:34,550 --> 00:15:32,629
acknowledged that we had more than 6 300

389
00:15:35,750 --> 00:15:34,560
applicants for this class so janet why

390
00:15:37,430 --> 00:15:35,760
don't you just start by telling us a

391
00:15:39,030 --> 00:15:37,440
little bit about how does the selection

392
00:15:41,030 --> 00:15:39,040
board even approach something like that

393
00:15:42,870 --> 00:15:41,040
when you have so few spots but so many

394
00:15:45,269 --> 00:15:42,880
qualified applicants

395
00:15:46,470 --> 00:15:45,279
yeah it's quite a tremendous uh

396
00:15:48,870 --> 00:15:46,480
undertaking

397
00:15:51,430 --> 00:15:48,880
we started out like you said advertising

398
00:15:53,430 --> 00:15:51,440
to a broad range of individuals all

399
00:15:56,310 --> 00:15:53,440
across america

400
00:15:59,110 --> 00:15:56,320
we went through the 6300 applications

401
00:16:01,509 --> 00:15:59,120
individually one by one and we had

402
00:16:03,829 --> 00:16:01,519
people like hands and eyes on each

403
00:16:06,470 --> 00:16:03,839
individual application the daunting test

404
00:16:08,550 --> 00:16:06,480
was to try to get from that 6300 down to

405
00:16:10,790 --> 00:16:08,560
120 people that we wanted to bring in an

406
00:16:12,870 --> 00:16:10,800
interview personally but we were able to

407
00:16:14,550 --> 00:16:12,880
achieve that over a few months and we

408
00:16:16,150 --> 00:16:14,560
selected 120 people to bring to the

409
00:16:17,670 --> 00:16:16,160
johnson space center where they

410
00:16:20,629 --> 00:16:17,680
underwent some initial medical

411
00:16:23,030 --> 00:16:20,639
evaluations and a one-hour

412
00:16:24,629 --> 00:16:23,040
interview process with a select

413
00:16:28,310 --> 00:16:24,639
selection board

414
00:16:30,389 --> 00:16:28,320
um and once we did that we got some

415
00:16:33,590 --> 00:16:30,399
eliminations for the medical process and

416
00:16:35,110 --> 00:16:33,600
we brought back our top 50 candidates

417
00:16:39,030 --> 00:16:35,120
who we believe demonstrated the most

418
00:16:42,230 --> 00:16:39,040
potential for succeeding in this career

419
00:16:44,710 --> 00:16:42,240
of those actually we brought back 49 not

420
00:16:47,829 --> 00:16:44,720
quite 50 we brought back 49 individuals

421
00:16:50,069 --> 00:16:47,839
and those 49 individuals underwent a

422
00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:50,079
vast array of medical evaluations and

423
00:16:55,670 --> 00:16:52,880
tests psychological evaluations they did

424
00:16:58,230 --> 00:16:55,680
language aptitude evaluations they did

425
00:16:59,269 --> 00:16:58,240
mechanical skills evaluations and had

426
00:17:00,870 --> 00:16:59,279
another

427
00:17:03,110 --> 00:17:00,880
hour-long interview with the selection

428
00:17:05,909 --> 00:17:03,120
board and after undergoing all that

429
00:17:08,710 --> 00:17:05,919
growing process we came out with the

430
00:17:11,510 --> 00:17:08,720
eight most qualified people that we feel

431
00:17:12,789 --> 00:17:11,520
have the best chance of passing all the

432
00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:12,799
you know rigorous requirements of

433
00:17:17,270 --> 00:17:15,120
becoming an astronaut

434
00:17:18,549 --> 00:17:17,280
it looks like a great class and i'm sure

435
00:17:20,789 --> 00:17:18,559
it was really star

436
00:17:21,909 --> 00:17:20,799
really difficult that whole process

437
00:17:23,350 --> 00:17:21,919
next we want to go ahead and start by

438
00:17:25,590 --> 00:17:23,360
taking some questions we've gotten some

439
00:17:27,990 --> 00:17:25,600
reporters who've called in so we'll

440
00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:28,000
start by taking questions from bill

441
00:17:35,029 --> 00:17:32,549
hey thank you very much jack can you

442
00:17:37,510 --> 00:17:35,039
refresh my memory on what the current

443
00:17:39,270 --> 00:17:37,520
size of the astronaut core is before

444
00:17:40,789 --> 00:17:39,280
these eight uh

445
00:17:43,990 --> 00:17:40,799
join thanks

446
00:17:46,070 --> 00:17:44,000
yeah we have about 48 active astronauts

447
00:17:47,190 --> 00:17:46,080
in the quarter day

448
00:17:49,190 --> 00:17:47,200
and

449
00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:49,200
those people have been leaving you know

450
00:17:54,230 --> 00:17:51,280
at a peak we were 150 people about a

451
00:17:56,230 --> 00:17:54,240
decade ago after the end of the uh

452
00:17:59,990 --> 00:17:56,240
or the retirement of the shuttle program

453
00:18:01,110 --> 00:18:00,000
we reduced down to about 50 and we had

454
00:18:02,310 --> 00:18:01,120
an nrc

455
00:18:05,270 --> 00:18:02,320
commission that came in and looked at

456
00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:05,280
our office and determined that a 45 to

457
00:18:11,029 --> 00:18:08,880
55 person range was appropriate for the

458
00:18:13,750 --> 00:18:11,039
missions that we do today considering

459
00:18:15,830 --> 00:18:13,760
attrition and medical disqualifications

460
00:18:17,029 --> 00:18:15,840
and and other types of disqualifications

461
00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:17,039
that people may

462
00:18:22,390 --> 00:18:18,799
run into as a

463
00:18:24,310 --> 00:18:22,400
train for missions so this 45 to 55

464
00:18:25,590 --> 00:18:24,320
seems to be the appropriate size of the

465
00:18:26,830 --> 00:18:25,600
office so that's what we're trying to

466
00:18:29,750 --> 00:18:26,840
maintain right

467
00:18:32,549 --> 00:18:29,760
now okay next we'll take a question from

468
00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:32,559
mark caro with aviation week

469
00:18:35,830 --> 00:18:34,080
okay

470
00:18:37,510 --> 00:18:35,840
oh thank you um

471
00:18:40,549 --> 00:18:37,520
were you ready for me i thought i heard

472
00:18:48,630 --> 00:18:40,559
a follow-up from bill harwood

473
00:18:54,549 --> 00:18:51,350
okay bill go ahead with your follow-up

474
00:18:56,230 --> 00:18:54,559
thanks um can you give us a sense of uh

475
00:18:57,590 --> 00:18:56,240
you know the the timing of this with

476
00:18:59,669 --> 00:18:57,600
these eight candidates and of course the

477
00:19:02,070 --> 00:18:59,679
news release talks about mars and you

478
00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:02,080
know asteroids and things like that

479
00:19:06,630 --> 00:19:02,880
um

480
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:06,640
their training period and their

481
00:19:10,789 --> 00:19:08,880
qualified astronauts would be around

482
00:19:12,630 --> 00:19:10,799
and ready to fly anyway when when a

483
00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:12,640
commercial vehicle presumably would come

484
00:19:15,909 --> 00:19:13,840
online or

485
00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:15,919
or you know the sls system comes online

486
00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:17,200
later could you just talk about the

487
00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:18,400
missions

488
00:19:22,549 --> 00:19:20,720
these guys potentially could fly that's

489
00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:22,559
it for me thanks

490
00:19:26,230 --> 00:19:24,400
okay you want to take that one yeah i'll

491
00:19:27,669 --> 00:19:26,240
take that one um

492
00:19:29,830 --> 00:19:27,679
we do have a lot of things that are

493
00:19:32,230 --> 00:19:29,840
either going on right now or are coming

494
00:19:33,510 --> 00:19:32,240
in the future and of course the the main

495
00:19:35,029 --> 00:19:33,520
operational program that we're

496
00:19:36,630 --> 00:19:35,039
supporting is the international space

497
00:19:39,190 --> 00:19:36,640
station and we have

498
00:19:40,950 --> 00:19:39,200
um one or two nasa astronauts on board

499
00:19:42,549 --> 00:19:40,960
at all times

500
00:19:45,190 --> 00:19:42,559
and we're right now we're going to be

501
00:19:46,470 --> 00:19:45,200
operating it at least through 2020 and

502
00:19:48,870 --> 00:19:46,480
when you look at all the things we

503
00:19:50,789 --> 00:19:48,880
really need to understand about human

504
00:19:52,630 --> 00:19:50,799
space exploration

505
00:19:54,390 --> 00:19:52,640
we really like to operate it longer in

506
00:19:56,390 --> 00:19:54,400
order to get a lot of the information

507
00:19:58,630 --> 00:19:56,400
particularly about human body and human

508
00:20:00,070 --> 00:19:58,640
systems and life support systems that

509
00:20:02,390 --> 00:20:00,080
we'll need to

510
00:20:04,150 --> 00:20:02,400
explore beyond low earth orbit so

511
00:20:05,430 --> 00:20:04,160
certainly supporting the international

512
00:20:07,590 --> 00:20:05,440
space station

513
00:20:09,430 --> 00:20:07,600
and as you know we are

514
00:20:11,830 --> 00:20:09,440
in the midst of working with commercial

515
00:20:13,590 --> 00:20:11,840
companies to develop a commercial crew

516
00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:13,600
transportation system

517
00:20:17,669 --> 00:20:15,520
uh we're hoping that later this decade

518
00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:17,679
maybe around 2017

519
00:20:21,510 --> 00:20:19,360
that that first system might be

520
00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:21,520
available and so certainly this is

521
00:20:24,390 --> 00:20:23,440
something that crew could look forward

522
00:20:26,470 --> 00:20:24,400
to

523
00:20:28,230 --> 00:20:26,480
we're also developing the orion

524
00:20:30,310 --> 00:20:28,240
multi-purpose crew vehicle and that's

525
00:20:32,950 --> 00:20:30,320
designed specifically to go beyond low

526
00:20:35,510 --> 00:20:32,960
earth orbit and the marshall space

527
00:20:36,870 --> 00:20:35,520
flight center is developing the space

528
00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:36,880
launch system the rocket that will

529
00:20:41,110 --> 00:20:38,080
launch it

530
00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:41,120
and so we do plan to have missions that

531
00:20:46,950 --> 00:20:43,600
will start to demonstrate the capability

532
00:20:49,830 --> 00:20:46,960
to live beyond low earth orbit

533
00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:49,840
and be able to take us eventually to go

534
00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:51,760
to mars and so we do expect that class

535
00:20:55,669 --> 00:20:53,520
to be involved uh both in the

536
00:20:57,909 --> 00:20:55,679
development and and flying on orion as

537
00:20:59,990 --> 00:20:57,919
well

538
00:21:01,750 --> 00:21:00,000
okay now we'll switch back to mark caro

539
00:21:04,230 --> 00:21:01,760
again with aviation

540
00:21:05,510 --> 00:21:04,240
thank you very much um could you talk a

541
00:21:07,190 --> 00:21:05,520
little bit

542
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:07,200
as best you know

543
00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:10,480
about your plans for future recruiting

544
00:21:14,390 --> 00:21:12,080
and hiring

545
00:21:15,350 --> 00:21:14,400
also in connection with that i'd like

546
00:21:17,909 --> 00:21:15,360
your

547
00:21:20,710 --> 00:21:17,919
thoughts on the tremendous number of

548
00:21:22,630 --> 00:21:20,720
people who applied for just a few

549
00:21:24,789 --> 00:21:22,640
openings really

550
00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:24,799
and again i

551
00:21:28,390 --> 00:21:26,720
i share your observation how talented

552
00:21:30,630 --> 00:21:28,400
they are do you think you'll have

553
00:21:33,270 --> 00:21:30,640
trouble in the future getting

554
00:21:34,870 --> 00:21:33,280
as many people to apply

555
00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:34,880
with the kinds of

556
00:21:39,430 --> 00:21:36,960
qualifications and background that you

557
00:21:40,950 --> 00:21:39,440
got this time thank you

558
00:21:43,350 --> 00:21:40,960
well mark i think

559
00:21:45,430 --> 00:21:43,360
we were extremely pleased to see that so

560
00:21:47,270 --> 00:21:45,440
many people still had such an incredible

561
00:21:50,470 --> 00:21:47,280
interest in the space program and in

562
00:21:52,950 --> 00:21:50,480
being a part of it as far as flying

563
00:21:55,590 --> 00:21:52,960
on whatever vehicles that we will come

564
00:21:58,470 --> 00:21:55,600
up with in the future commercial and sls

565
00:22:00,950 --> 00:21:58,480
and orion and all future potential

566
00:22:03,270 --> 00:22:00,960
missions so i don't see any of that

567
00:22:04,870 --> 00:22:03,280
enthusiasm decreasing at all so i'm

568
00:22:06,630 --> 00:22:04,880
really not worried at all about the

569
00:22:08,549 --> 00:22:06,640
quantities of people that are interested

570
00:22:10,230 --> 00:22:08,559
and want to apply and as you've seen and

571
00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:10,240
heard all the qualifications that we had

572
00:22:13,990 --> 00:22:12,720
in in these eight individuals there are

573
00:22:16,710 --> 00:22:14,000
some people out there that have done

574
00:22:18,390 --> 00:22:16,720
just incredible and amazing things with

575
00:22:20,149 --> 00:22:18,400
their careers so far in a short number

576
00:22:22,390 --> 00:22:20,159
of years so we want to take full

577
00:22:24,870 --> 00:22:22,400
advantage of those people and bring them

578
00:22:27,510 --> 00:22:24,880
here to nasa and apply that expertise

579
00:22:29,430 --> 00:22:27,520
and education to help us make human

580
00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:29,440
space flight go even further than it

581
00:22:32,950 --> 00:22:31,120
ever has before

582
00:22:35,590 --> 00:22:32,960
i as far as when we might select again

583
00:22:37,669 --> 00:22:35,600
we're not real sure we we used to select

584
00:22:39,510 --> 00:22:37,679
every two to three years and i think it

585
00:22:41,830 --> 00:22:39,520
all depends on the attrition rate of the

586
00:22:44,230 --> 00:22:41,840
current of the size of the office like i

587
00:22:48,310 --> 00:22:44,240
said we want to try to maintain a 45 to

588
00:22:50,230 --> 00:22:48,320
55 person range so as we deem necessary

589
00:22:52,230 --> 00:22:50,240
we'll advertise again in the future i

590
00:22:53,430 --> 00:22:52,240
would guess two to four years from now

591
00:22:55,430 --> 00:22:53,440
and we'll go out with another

592
00:22:58,390 --> 00:22:55,440
announcement at that point and start the

593
00:23:01,909 --> 00:22:59,590
okay with that we're going to take a

594
00:23:03,590 --> 00:23:01,919
quick break from the questions and as we

595
00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:03,600
mentioned we weren't able to have the

596
00:23:07,430 --> 00:23:05,280
candidates themselves participate in

597
00:23:09,029 --> 00:23:07,440
this hangout but they were able to send

598
00:23:10,950 --> 00:23:09,039
us some short videos

599
00:23:23,190 --> 00:23:10,960
a little bit of a few remarks in their

600
00:23:26,870 --> 00:23:25,669
hi i'm josh casada 2013 astronaut

601
00:23:29,270 --> 00:23:26,880
candidate

602
00:23:30,710 --> 00:23:29,280
i'm really excited about

603
00:23:32,230 --> 00:23:30,720
being part of something that's much

604
00:23:34,789 --> 00:23:32,240
bigger than me

605
00:23:37,350 --> 00:23:34,799
and working alongside some of the

606
00:23:39,590 --> 00:23:37,360
world's best minds who who thankfully

607
00:23:41,669 --> 00:23:39,600
for us uh feel the same about being part

608
00:23:43,350 --> 00:23:41,679
of something much bigger than them

609
00:23:45,590 --> 00:23:43,360
you know from my perspective exploration

610
00:23:47,909 --> 00:23:45,600
is the foundation of uh of the human

611
00:23:50,390 --> 00:23:47,919
spirit um and whether that exploration

612
00:23:53,029 --> 00:23:50,400
is you know at the subatomic level or on

613
00:23:54,549 --> 00:23:53,039
the nano scale or even the cosmic scale

614
00:23:56,549 --> 00:23:54,559
um

615
00:23:57,669 --> 00:23:56,559
you know i think if society isn't

616
00:24:00,070 --> 00:23:57,679
exploring we're really just kind of

617
00:24:02,070 --> 00:24:00,080
sustaining and uh to

618
00:24:03,990 --> 00:24:02,080
be able to contribute today contribute

619
00:24:07,350 --> 00:24:04,000
to that and that exploration in any

620
00:24:09,190 --> 00:24:07,360
small way is really exciting

621
00:24:13,510 --> 00:24:09,200
i'm lieutenant commander victor glover

622
00:24:15,350 --> 00:24:13,520
and i'm a 2013 nasa astronaut candidate

623
00:24:16,830 --> 00:24:15,360
the thing that really

624
00:24:20,070 --> 00:24:16,840
draws me and

625
00:24:22,149 --> 00:24:20,080
and excites me about the future is the

626
00:24:24,149 --> 00:24:22,159
opportunity to be a part

627
00:24:27,029 --> 00:24:24,159
of

628
00:24:28,870 --> 00:24:27,039
kindling america's passion for aerospace

629
00:24:30,789 --> 00:24:28,880
in space i think there's something

630
00:24:33,590 --> 00:24:30,799
special about flying and

631
00:24:36,470 --> 00:24:33,600
especially flying in space that it just

632
00:24:38,149 --> 00:24:36,480
draws people's fascination and passions

633
00:24:40,630 --> 00:24:38,159
and being a part of that is the thing

634
00:24:42,870 --> 00:24:40,640
that i think excites me the most

635
00:24:45,350 --> 00:24:42,880
the first person that i told was my wife

636
00:24:47,909 --> 00:24:45,360
uh as soon as i got off the phone with

637
00:24:49,990 --> 00:24:47,919
janet and pinched myself a couple of

638
00:24:52,549 --> 00:24:50,000
times i called my wife

639
00:24:54,630 --> 00:24:52,559
we are actually in the process of

640
00:24:56,070 --> 00:24:54,640
negotiating orders so i'm in the process

641
00:24:58,230 --> 00:24:56,080
of working with the navy to determine

642
00:25:00,390 --> 00:24:58,240
where i would go next uh if the

643
00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:00,400
astronaut program didn't work out and so

644
00:25:05,110 --> 00:25:02,880
my wife is very aware and she's very

645
00:25:07,510 --> 00:25:05,120
keen to find out where we're going next

646
00:25:09,269 --> 00:25:07,520
and so i called her and i was able to

647
00:25:11,190 --> 00:25:09,279
tell her that now we know where we're

648
00:25:13,669 --> 00:25:11,200
going we're moving to houston and she

649
00:25:15,750 --> 00:25:13,679
was ecstatic

650
00:25:19,350 --> 00:25:15,760
hi i'm lieutenant colonel nick hague

651
00:25:20,870 --> 00:25:19,360
2013 nasa astronaut candidate

652
00:25:23,190 --> 00:25:20,880
my parents are going to be excited they

653
00:25:25,990 --> 00:25:23,200
know that this has been a lifelong goal

654
00:25:27,269 --> 00:25:26,000
uh trying to become part of the program

655
00:25:28,630 --> 00:25:27,279
my brothers

656
00:25:31,909 --> 00:25:28,640
as they always do will give me a hard

657
00:25:34,310 --> 00:25:31,919
time and uh you know tell me the the

658
00:25:37,510 --> 00:25:34,320
challenges ahead of the training program

659
00:25:39,190 --> 00:25:37,520
but um everybody's gonna be excited

660
00:25:41,269 --> 00:25:39,200
i've wanted to become an astronaut for

661
00:25:43,909 --> 00:25:41,279
for a long time uh this is my third

662
00:25:46,149 --> 00:25:43,919
third attempt at applying

663
00:25:48,310 --> 00:25:46,159
and uh

664
00:25:50,390 --> 00:25:48,320
what really solidified my interest in

665
00:25:52,230 --> 00:25:50,400
getting involved with the uh the space

666
00:25:53,990 --> 00:25:52,240
program uh

667
00:25:55,909 --> 00:25:54,000
was when i got involved with flight

668
00:25:58,470 --> 00:25:55,919
tests out at edwards air force base

669
00:26:00,549 --> 00:25:58,480
going through test pilot school

670
00:26:02,549 --> 00:26:00,559
the idea of

671
00:26:04,149 --> 00:26:02,559
getting to

672
00:26:06,710 --> 00:26:04,159
discover new things

673
00:26:09,669 --> 00:26:06,720
test out very complicated systems is

674
00:26:12,630 --> 00:26:09,679
something that i gravitated towards

675
00:26:14,710 --> 00:26:12,640
hi i'm christina hammack and i'm a 2013

676
00:26:17,350 --> 00:26:14,720
astronaut candidate

677
00:26:20,230 --> 00:26:17,360
what actually inspired me to make the

678
00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:20,240
move to to actually do the application

679
00:26:25,190 --> 00:26:22,559
was just reflecting on my career and

680
00:26:28,310 --> 00:26:25,200
realizing that through following my own

681
00:26:30,710 --> 00:26:28,320
personal dreams i had accumulated a set

682
00:26:33,029 --> 00:26:30,720
of skills that i thought could really be

683
00:26:35,190 --> 00:26:33,039
useful in contributing to human space

684
00:26:37,190 --> 00:26:35,200
flight the big picture is that i really

685
00:26:39,029 --> 00:26:37,200
look forward to being able to directly

686
00:26:41,510 --> 00:26:39,039
contribute to the human space flight

687
00:26:43,590 --> 00:26:41,520
program i really strongly believe

688
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:43,600
in both the practical aspects of the

689
00:26:49,190 --> 00:26:46,640
research being conducted as well as the

690
00:26:50,630 --> 00:26:49,200
larger picture of the human space flight

691
00:26:52,390 --> 00:26:50,640
program

692
00:26:54,710 --> 00:26:52,400
bringing us forward

693
00:26:56,950 --> 00:26:54,720
as a human race and uniting us and

694
00:26:58,870 --> 00:26:56,960
exploring the universe

695
00:27:01,350 --> 00:26:58,880
hi i'm major nicole mann united states

696
00:27:02,549 --> 00:27:01,360
marine corps nasa 2013 astronaut

697
00:27:04,149 --> 00:27:02,559
candidate

698
00:27:06,710 --> 00:27:04,159
the astronaut

699
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:06,720
selection announcement came out um in

700
00:27:11,350 --> 00:27:09,200
january of last year i couldn't believe

701
00:27:13,269 --> 00:27:11,360
it i was you know incredibly excited and

702
00:27:15,510 --> 00:27:13,279
i kind of took a look at my career and

703
00:27:17,750 --> 00:27:15,520
and i had met all those uh benchmarks or

704
00:27:19,830 --> 00:27:17,760
those requirements and so i figured well

705
00:27:20,710 --> 00:27:19,840
i'll put my name in the hat um you know

706
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:20,720
i thought you know i thought it was a

707
00:27:24,789 --> 00:27:23,120
long shot because they don't select you

708
00:27:27,029 --> 00:27:24,799
know very many people

709
00:27:29,350 --> 00:27:27,039
i'm really looking forward to

710
00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:29,360
the people down at nasa and working for

711
00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:31,120
that great organization i've had the

712
00:27:35,029 --> 00:27:32,880
opportunity to go down a couple times to

713
00:27:38,630 --> 00:27:35,039
a visit and really it's just the uh the

714
00:27:39,909 --> 00:27:38,640
energy and the excitement the um

715
00:27:41,590 --> 00:27:39,919
professionals down there and our

716
00:27:44,149 --> 00:27:41,600
international partners everybody you

717
00:27:46,789 --> 00:27:44,159
know working towards a common mission

718
00:27:49,190 --> 00:27:46,799
towards science exploration

719
00:27:51,110 --> 00:27:49,200
and really that big goal of all of

720
00:27:54,389 --> 00:27:51,120
humankind so i'm looking forward to

721
00:27:58,230 --> 00:27:54,399
being a part of that very important team

722
00:28:00,389 --> 00:27:58,240
hi i am major ann mclean nasa 2013

723
00:28:03,430 --> 00:28:00,399
astronaut candidate

724
00:28:05,190 --> 00:28:03,440
i have been as excited to tell my mother

725
00:28:08,070 --> 00:28:05,200
that i was selected as i was to be

726
00:28:10,070 --> 00:28:08,080
selected myself um so i called her and i

727
00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:10,080
i s the first thing i said and i asked

728
00:28:14,389 --> 00:28:12,000
her what she was doing and she was out

729
00:28:16,710 --> 00:28:14,399
in the front gardening her roses

730
00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:16,720
and i said uh well you'll never forget

731
00:28:20,870 --> 00:28:18,640
this moment and i said i've been

732
00:28:22,630 --> 00:28:20,880
selected as an astronaut candidate and

733
00:28:24,149 --> 00:28:22,640
she screamed she screamed so loud that

734
00:28:24,870 --> 00:28:24,159
my stepfather ran out of the house i

735
00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:24,880
think

736
00:28:29,029 --> 00:28:26,640
he thought that she had injured herself

737
00:28:30,470 --> 00:28:29,039
uh it was certainly exciting she uh she

738
00:28:32,310 --> 00:28:30,480
had the she sounded like she had the

739
00:28:33,590 --> 00:28:32,320
same reaction that i did

740
00:28:35,029 --> 00:28:33,600
i've been blessed with amazing

741
00:28:36,789 --> 00:28:35,039
opportunities and amazing people that

742
00:28:38,950 --> 00:28:36,799
have helped me along the way i've been

743
00:28:40,470 --> 00:28:38,960
humbled by the amount of uh

744
00:28:42,630 --> 00:28:40,480
by how much i've had to rely on

745
00:28:45,190 --> 00:28:42,640
everybody else um to kind of get to the

746
00:28:46,710 --> 00:28:45,200
point that i'm at i truly don't remember

747
00:28:48,789 --> 00:28:46,720
being when i ever wanted to be something

748
00:28:51,269 --> 00:28:48,799
else and it's just so surreal that this

749
00:28:54,149 --> 00:28:51,279
moment's arrived

750
00:28:57,990 --> 00:28:54,159
hello my name is dr jessica meer and i'm

751
00:28:59,190 --> 00:28:58,000
in 2013 astronaut candidate

752
00:29:01,909 --> 00:28:59,200
of course what i'm looking forward to

753
00:29:04,149 --> 00:29:01,919
most the big one would be eventually

754
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:04,159
hopefully flying in space since that has

755
00:29:08,389 --> 00:29:06,000
been my dream since i was about five

756
00:29:10,070 --> 00:29:08,399
years old but i'm also really excited

757
00:29:11,029 --> 00:29:10,080
about becoming part of the nasa team

758
00:29:12,470 --> 00:29:11,039
again

759
00:29:14,549 --> 00:29:12,480
astronauts are of course fortunate

760
00:29:17,590 --> 00:29:14,559
enough to be the office to often be the

761
00:29:19,190 --> 00:29:17,600
face of nasa uh and to actually fly the

762
00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:19,200
missions but of course it takes a whole

763
00:29:22,310 --> 00:29:20,320
group of

764
00:29:24,070 --> 00:29:22,320
of individuals to make those missions

765
00:29:26,870 --> 00:29:24,080
happen i'm also looking forward to

766
00:29:28,549 --> 00:29:26,880
various aspects of the training itself i

767
00:29:30,389 --> 00:29:28,559
have my private pilot's license but i'm

768
00:29:32,230 --> 00:29:30,399
really excited about going to pensacola

769
00:29:34,389 --> 00:29:32,240
for real flight training and jets that's

770
00:29:35,830 --> 00:29:34,399
something that will be really really uh

771
00:29:37,510 --> 00:29:35,840
incredible for me

772
00:29:39,190 --> 00:29:37,520
and i'm also really looking forward to

773
00:29:40,789 --> 00:29:39,200
the international component i really

774
00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:40,799
enjoy studying foreign languages and

775
00:29:45,029 --> 00:29:43,440
cultures and so the immersion in the

776
00:29:47,029 --> 00:29:45,039
russian culture and society that we'll

777
00:29:49,269 --> 00:29:47,039
have as part of the international space

778
00:29:51,029 --> 00:29:49,279
station and the other

779
00:29:53,990 --> 00:29:51,039
the other international partners as well

780
00:29:57,110 --> 00:29:54,000
i'm really looking forward to that

781
00:29:59,909 --> 00:29:57,120
hi my name is andrew morgan i'm a major

782
00:30:02,549 --> 00:29:59,919
in the united states army and i'm a 2013

783
00:30:04,870 --> 00:30:02,559
nasa astronaut candidate

784
00:30:07,750 --> 00:30:04,880
i definitely felt drawn to being

785
00:30:10,470 --> 00:30:07,760
surrounded by the people that i had

786
00:30:12,310 --> 00:30:10,480
encountered at nasa and being

787
00:30:13,269 --> 00:30:12,320
part of the astronaut office being part

788
00:30:16,630 --> 00:30:13,279
of the

789
00:30:17,669 --> 00:30:16,640
um the astronaut corps was

790
00:30:19,669 --> 00:30:17,679
just

791
00:30:22,149 --> 00:30:19,679
an incredibly talented group of people

792
00:30:23,350 --> 00:30:22,159
and to be a part of that it would just i

793
00:30:24,789 --> 00:30:23,360
knew that that would be something

794
00:30:27,350 --> 00:30:24,799
special

795
00:30:29,190 --> 00:30:27,360
uh without a doubt that i'm really

796
00:30:31,830 --> 00:30:29,200
looking forward to meeting my classmates

797
00:30:33,510 --> 00:30:31,840
that's kind of my my near-term goal

798
00:30:36,230 --> 00:30:33,520
right now is to get to know them right

799
00:30:38,630 --> 00:30:36,240
away we've we've had some sporadic

800
00:30:40,070 --> 00:30:38,640
initial contact here by email and i know

801
00:30:42,310 --> 00:30:40,080
about half of them from the interview

802
00:30:43,750 --> 00:30:42,320
process but i'm really eager to get

803
00:30:44,630 --> 00:30:43,760
together with them and to meet the other

804
00:30:46,870 --> 00:30:44,640
half

805
00:30:47,909 --> 00:30:46,880
because we really want to build the

806
00:30:49,909 --> 00:30:47,919
um

807
00:30:53,350 --> 00:30:49,919
build that atmosphere of an extended

808
00:31:05,510 --> 00:30:53,360
family early on and so the sooner the

809
00:31:09,510 --> 00:31:07,750
okay so that's some words um directly

810
00:31:11,750 --> 00:31:09,520
from the astronaut candidates themselves

811
00:31:14,230 --> 00:31:11,760
as you heard there um the excitement

812
00:31:15,750 --> 00:31:14,240
just to be arriving here in houston and

813
00:31:17,909 --> 00:31:15,760
uh looking forward to starting their

814
00:31:19,350 --> 00:31:17,919
work with the space agency and it's hard

815
00:31:21,190 --> 00:31:19,360
for some of us to imagine what that must

816
00:31:22,789 --> 00:31:21,200
be like when you've

817
00:31:23,909 --> 00:31:22,799
are finally realizing a dream that

818
00:31:25,830 --> 00:31:23,919
something maybe you've worked on your

819
00:31:27,590 --> 00:31:25,840
whole life or your whole career has been

820
00:31:28,950 --> 00:31:27,600
dedicated to pursuing so this is really

821
00:31:31,029 --> 00:31:28,960
exciting and

822
00:31:32,310 --> 00:31:31,039
for all of you but especially mike and

823
00:31:33,909 --> 00:31:32,320
kate i want to turn it over to you this

824
00:31:35,750 --> 00:31:33,919
must be bringing back a lot of memories

825
00:31:37,830 --> 00:31:35,760
for you as well i think mike you were

826
00:31:40,149 --> 00:31:37,840
selected back in 1998 and you've since

827
00:31:41,590 --> 00:31:40,159
flown uh two space shuttle missions and

828
00:31:43,750 --> 00:31:41,600
kate you were actually selected in our

829
00:31:45,350 --> 00:31:43,760
most recent astronaut class

830
00:31:46,630 --> 00:31:45,360
can you both tell us a little bit about

831
00:31:48,870 --> 00:31:46,640
what it was like and take us back to

832
00:31:50,870 --> 00:31:48,880
when you got the call

833
00:31:52,710 --> 00:31:50,880
well nicole first let me say i'm just

834
00:31:55,269 --> 00:31:52,720
glad that i'm not competing for an

835
00:31:56,870 --> 00:31:55,279
astronaut slot today you know the

836
00:31:59,990 --> 00:31:56,880
incredible individuals that they've

837
00:32:02,389 --> 00:32:00,000
selected are just uh far fart away they

838
00:32:05,509 --> 00:32:02,399
seem like super human people to me you

839
00:32:07,990 --> 00:32:05,519
know and so i'm glad that uh after

840
00:32:12,149 --> 00:32:08,000
applying for about eight times uh i was

841
00:32:14,470 --> 00:32:12,159
selected in 1998 and uh so i i always

842
00:32:17,029 --> 00:32:14,480
thought you know my career would be just

843
00:32:20,950 --> 00:32:17,039
applying to be an astronaut i was

844
00:32:23,350 --> 00:32:20,960
hopeful but but not very uh

845
00:32:26,070 --> 00:32:23,360
sure that i would ever get selected so

846
00:32:27,669 --> 00:32:26,080
after uh many rejections uh actually

847
00:32:29,669 --> 00:32:27,679
making it down here was just the thrill

848
00:32:31,190 --> 00:32:29,679
of the life you know you can hear it in

849
00:32:33,430 --> 00:32:31,200
their voices when they're talking about

850
00:32:35,350 --> 00:32:33,440
getting that call it's just so thrilling

851
00:32:36,870 --> 00:32:35,360
you know i'm a little bit envious of

852
00:32:38,470 --> 00:32:36,880
them to be you know at the starting

853
00:32:40,549 --> 00:32:38,480
point again because those are some great

854
00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:40,559
times you know with

855
00:32:46,149 --> 00:32:43,440
me and my classmates coming together in

856
00:32:48,789 --> 00:32:46,159
1998 and uh going through the initial

857
00:32:50,950 --> 00:32:48,799
training just just a thrill but uh kate

858
00:32:52,789 --> 00:32:50,960
you probably have some thoughts

859
00:32:54,230 --> 00:32:52,799
yeah so when you when you uh are going

860
00:32:55,590 --> 00:32:54,240
through the interview process you meet

861
00:32:57,750 --> 00:32:55,600
all these incredible folks and so you're

862
00:32:59,990 --> 00:32:57,760
about 99.5 sure that you're never going

863
00:33:01,190 --> 00:33:00,000
to get the call and and so it's actually

864
00:33:02,630 --> 00:33:01,200
a little bit relaxing because you figure

865
00:33:04,470 --> 00:33:02,640
everybody else is so fantastic they're

866
00:33:06,789 --> 00:33:04,480
never going to take you so there's that

867
00:33:08,389 --> 00:33:06,799
0.5 that says hey what if this actually

868
00:33:10,549 --> 00:33:08,399
happens you know how am i going to

869
00:33:12,870 --> 00:33:10,559
figure out my whole life and so

870
00:33:15,269 --> 00:33:12,880
it's incredibly exciting um to be

871
00:33:16,470 --> 00:33:15,279
notified that you've been selected but

872
00:33:19,029 --> 00:33:16,480
then there's also this kind of

873
00:33:21,269 --> 00:33:19,039
overwhelming feeling of everybody's got

874
00:33:22,789 --> 00:33:21,279
a career and a life and and something

875
00:33:24,549 --> 00:33:22,799
that they're very very passionate about

876
00:33:26,389 --> 00:33:24,559
what they've been doing to this point so

877
00:33:28,310 --> 00:33:26,399
you have to wrap that up in short order

878
00:33:29,990 --> 00:33:28,320
and get down to houston and start an

879
00:33:31,909 --> 00:33:30,000
entirely new adventure one that's

880
00:33:33,269 --> 00:33:31,919
incredibly exciting

881
00:33:35,350 --> 00:33:33,279
i think that's another part that's kind

882
00:33:37,350 --> 00:33:35,360
of interesting to this is just like you

883
00:33:38,870 --> 00:33:37,360
said the transition that's happening now

884
00:33:40,149 --> 00:33:38,880
tell us what that was like and maybe

885
00:33:42,549 --> 00:33:40,159
kate especially you since you did it

886
00:33:44,230 --> 00:33:42,559
more recently what does that all entail

887
00:33:45,590 --> 00:33:44,240
and how you know

888
00:33:47,909 --> 00:33:45,600
were you giving a lot of help or how did

889
00:33:49,110 --> 00:33:47,919
you even go about a relocation like that

890
00:33:50,789 --> 00:33:49,120
in short timeframe because i think

891
00:33:52,789 --> 00:33:50,799
they're starting here literally on

892
00:33:53,990 --> 00:33:52,799
august 1st or thereafter so

893
00:33:55,509 --> 00:33:54,000
they don't have a whole lot of time to

894
00:33:56,789 --> 00:33:55,519
make that swap

895
00:33:58,870 --> 00:33:56,799
there's not a lot of time but at the

896
00:34:00,549 --> 00:33:58,880
same time uh you're you're really

897
00:34:02,710 --> 00:34:00,559
excited to jump in and start your

898
00:34:04,310 --> 00:34:02,720
training and there's so many aspects of

899
00:34:05,909 --> 00:34:04,320
the training that are so exciting you

900
00:34:07,669 --> 00:34:05,919
won't want this to be six months out you

901
00:34:09,030 --> 00:34:07,679
gotta you gotta wrap step up and you

902
00:34:11,030 --> 00:34:09,040
gotta move down to houston so there's

903
00:34:12,470 --> 00:34:11,040
obviously you know the logistics of

904
00:34:14,230 --> 00:34:12,480
getting here and nasa's really good

905
00:34:16,389 --> 00:34:14,240
about helping folks out i think the

906
00:34:17,430 --> 00:34:16,399
biggest thing is to make sure um

907
00:34:18,470 --> 00:34:17,440
whatever they were doing in their

908
00:34:20,710 --> 00:34:18,480
previous career you know if they're

909
00:34:22,389 --> 00:34:20,720
military if they're in a squadron if

910
00:34:24,629 --> 00:34:22,399
they're at a university make sure all

911
00:34:27,190 --> 00:34:24,639
that that stuff is tied up and for me um

912
00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:27,200
i was running a research lab at mit and

913
00:34:30,550 --> 00:34:29,280
so i i had a whole bunch of people that

914
00:34:31,750 --> 00:34:30,560
were working for me so it was really

915
00:34:33,909 --> 00:34:31,760
important to me to make sure that they

916
00:34:35,270 --> 00:34:33,919
all had good jobs that the research

917
00:34:37,510 --> 00:34:35,280
could continue

918
00:34:39,909 --> 00:34:37,520
they went to other universities we had

919
00:34:41,589 --> 00:34:39,919
to move the grant funding along so these

920
00:34:43,510 --> 00:34:41,599
are processes that can take months or

921
00:34:45,430 --> 00:34:43,520
years when a principal investigator

922
00:34:47,430 --> 00:34:45,440
changes institution and get about six

923
00:34:49,990 --> 00:34:47,440
weeks to get it all done and luckily

924
00:34:51,909 --> 00:34:50,000
folks landed in a good place so um

925
00:34:53,510 --> 00:34:51,919
they're focused right now on on wrapping

926
00:34:55,990 --> 00:34:53,520
up the lives that they're currently

927
00:34:57,589 --> 00:34:56,000
leading and as you move into getting

928
00:34:59,030 --> 00:34:57,599
ready to come to houston they'll start

929
00:35:01,270 --> 00:34:59,040
looking forward to all the training that

930
00:35:03,030 --> 00:35:01,280
they're going to do here

931
00:35:05,030 --> 00:35:03,040
gotcha we want to go ahead and start

932
00:35:07,190 --> 00:35:05,040
taking some questions um folks by social

933
00:35:08,150 --> 00:35:07,200
media and um people watching we still

934
00:35:10,550 --> 00:35:08,160
want to encourage you to submit

935
00:35:12,230 --> 00:35:10,560
questions using the hashtag asknasa so

936
00:35:14,710 --> 00:35:12,240
one of the first questions we got was

937
00:35:17,190 --> 00:35:14,720
from at women in the air and their

938
00:35:19,030 --> 00:35:17,200
question was was it a deliberate

939
00:35:21,030 --> 00:35:19,040
decision to have half of the 13

940
00:35:23,190 --> 00:35:21,040
astronaut class be women or was it by

941
00:35:24,470 --> 00:35:23,200
happenstance and maybe um janet that

942
00:35:26,150 --> 00:35:24,480
might be a question better for you since

943
00:35:29,030 --> 00:35:26,160
you were on the board

944
00:35:30,710 --> 00:35:29,040
yeah that that was not by choice or by

945
00:35:32,630 --> 00:35:30,720
you know determination we never

946
00:35:34,230 --> 00:35:32,640
determine how many people of each gender

947
00:35:36,950 --> 00:35:34,240
we're going to take

948
00:35:38,950 --> 00:35:36,960
but these were the most qualified people

949
00:35:41,589 --> 00:35:38,960
of the ones that we interviewed and they

950
00:35:43,270 --> 00:35:41,599
earned every bit the right to be there

951
00:35:45,430 --> 00:35:43,280
it turned out that they happen to be

952
00:35:47,670 --> 00:35:45,440
half men and half women in the end

953
00:35:49,910 --> 00:35:47,680
which i think is a great tribute to

954
00:35:51,349 --> 00:35:49,920
women today they've achieved and are

955
00:35:54,310 --> 00:35:51,359
going into fields that are much more

956
00:35:56,630 --> 00:35:54,320
demanding and make them on equal footing

957
00:35:58,870 --> 00:35:56,640
as the male candidates so in the end

958
00:36:00,710 --> 00:35:58,880
when we selected

959
00:36:02,390 --> 00:36:00,720
all the women candidates as you heard

960
00:36:03,670 --> 00:36:02,400
have tremendous qualifications and

961
00:36:06,630 --> 00:36:03,680
certainly earned the right to be there

962
00:36:08,470 --> 00:36:06,640
so i'm glad i'm happy that it turned out

963
00:36:11,589 --> 00:36:08,480
that way but we didn't intentionally go

964
00:36:13,510 --> 00:36:11,599
out seeking that when we started out

965
00:36:16,069 --> 00:36:13,520
okay and one other question we've gotten

966
00:36:18,550 --> 00:36:16,079
by via twitter

967
00:36:20,390 --> 00:36:18,560
from at project did you know

968
00:36:23,750 --> 00:36:20,400
what are the physical qualities required

969
00:36:26,150 --> 00:36:23,760
to get selected as an astronaut

970
00:36:28,550 --> 00:36:26,160
physical qualifications uh well there

971
00:36:30,310 --> 00:36:28,560
are many physical qualifications i'm not

972
00:36:32,230 --> 00:36:30,320
a medical doctor and i did not do the

973
00:36:34,390 --> 00:36:32,240
medical screening so there's those those

974
00:36:36,550 --> 00:36:34,400
types of medical qualifications which

975
00:36:39,190 --> 00:36:36,560
are physical and then there's a certain

976
00:36:40,950 --> 00:36:39,200
amount of anthropometric physical

977
00:36:43,190 --> 00:36:40,960
qualifications and limitations were

978
00:36:45,030 --> 00:36:43,200
limited by the the size of the

979
00:36:47,430 --> 00:36:45,040
spacecraft and the size of the space

980
00:36:50,069 --> 00:36:47,440
suits so that's also sort of a physical

981
00:36:52,069 --> 00:36:50,079
limitation we didn't actually do any

982
00:36:53,990 --> 00:36:52,079
sort of endurance testing or anything

983
00:36:55,349 --> 00:36:54,000
like that but by virtue of these

984
00:36:57,510 --> 00:36:55,359
people's careers you can and what

985
00:36:59,430 --> 00:36:57,520
they've done we know that they're in

986
00:37:00,950 --> 00:36:59,440
very good shape just because of you

987
00:37:02,790 --> 00:37:00,960
can't really do what these people do and

988
00:37:05,109 --> 00:37:02,800
not be in really good physical shape a

989
00:37:07,910 --> 00:37:05,119
lot of run marathons and things like

990
00:37:10,790 --> 00:37:07,920
that in addition to to their careers so

991
00:37:13,109 --> 00:37:10,800
they're just very nice special physical

992
00:37:16,470 --> 00:37:13,119
specimens as well as their academic

993
00:37:17,910 --> 00:37:16,480
skills are just unparalleled

994
00:37:19,349 --> 00:37:17,920
great um

995
00:37:21,349 --> 00:37:19,359
just taking a break from the questions

996
00:37:23,270 --> 00:37:21,359
the word of this exciting announcement

997
00:37:25,270 --> 00:37:23,280
has traveled far and fast and we

998
00:37:26,630 --> 00:37:25,280
actually have a special message from the

999
00:37:28,470 --> 00:37:26,640
astronauts who are actually working on

1000
00:37:30,710 --> 00:37:28,480
the international space station now this

1001
00:37:32,390 --> 00:37:30,720
was a message that was recorded by chris

1002
00:37:35,870 --> 00:37:32,400
cassidy and karen nyberg up on the space

1003
00:37:41,670 --> 00:37:39,190
2013 ask hans welcome to the astronaut

1004
00:37:43,270 --> 00:37:41,680
office i'm chris cassidy and

1005
00:37:44,710 --> 00:37:43,280
and i'm karen nyberg we're here up here

1006
00:37:46,390 --> 00:37:44,720
on the international space station and

1007
00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:46,400
we're very excited to be able to welcome

1008
00:37:53,589 --> 00:37:51,829
and uh we were thinking back to when we

1009
00:37:55,750 --> 00:37:53,599
got the initial calls ourselves so we

1010
00:37:57,670 --> 00:37:55,760
thought it'd be fun to to share our

1011
00:37:59,349 --> 00:37:57,680
thoughts about where were we and who we

1012
00:38:01,510 --> 00:37:59,359
called and the whole our experience with

1013
00:38:04,550 --> 00:38:01,520
this particular exciting day for me i

1014
00:38:06,150 --> 00:38:04,560
had just gotten back from a military six

1015
00:38:07,670 --> 00:38:06,160
month deployment kind of like this trip

1016
00:38:09,589 --> 00:38:07,680
here to the space station

1017
00:38:11,510 --> 00:38:09,599
literally that weekend and i had gotten

1018
00:38:13,190 --> 00:38:11,520
a message to call the astronaut office

1019
00:38:14,470 --> 00:38:13,200
on on monday

1020
00:38:17,510 --> 00:38:14,480
and uh

1021
00:38:19,190 --> 00:38:17,520
and at noon for i think it was and just

1022
00:38:20,950 --> 00:38:19,200
a handful of minutes before the time i

1023
00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:20,960
was supposed to call there the phone

1024
00:38:24,950 --> 00:38:22,560
rang in our house

1025
00:38:26,950 --> 00:38:24,960
and uh it was kent rominger who was the

1026
00:38:29,430 --> 00:38:26,960
chief astronaut at the time

1027
00:38:30,870 --> 00:38:29,440
he said chris uh just wondering if

1028
00:38:34,069 --> 00:38:30,880
you're still interested in working for

1029
00:38:36,069 --> 00:38:34,079
us and i was so excited and my wife and

1030
00:38:38,470 --> 00:38:36,079
three small kids at the time

1031
00:38:40,069 --> 00:38:38,480
were there and my kids were excited i

1032
00:38:41,829 --> 00:38:40,079
think not because i understood what was

1033
00:38:44,150 --> 00:38:41,839
going on but because they saw me and my

1034
00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:44,160
wife very happy and excited and

1035
00:38:48,230 --> 00:38:46,640
so that was my first experience so my

1036
00:38:49,990 --> 00:38:48,240
family was the first people that found

1037
00:38:51,510 --> 00:38:50,000
out my wife and three kids

1038
00:38:53,109 --> 00:38:51,520
and then we had to kind of keep it a

1039
00:38:57,510 --> 00:38:53,119
secret for a while but i did tell my mom

1040
00:39:02,069 --> 00:38:59,990
gosh it was almost 13 years ago now and

1041
00:39:03,430 --> 00:39:02,079
i was working as a engineer at the

1042
00:39:05,910 --> 00:39:03,440
johnson space center and i remember i

1043
00:39:08,390 --> 00:39:05,920
was sitting at my desk in building seven

1044
00:39:10,150 --> 00:39:08,400
and i got the call from charlie precourt

1045
00:39:11,670 --> 00:39:10,160
and again same thing he asked just

1046
00:39:13,349 --> 00:39:11,680
wondering if you're still interested in

1047
00:39:14,630 --> 00:39:13,359
coming to work for us and

1048
00:39:15,829 --> 00:39:14,640
and uh

1049
00:39:17,750 --> 00:39:15,839
i didn't really know what to do with

1050
00:39:19,750 --> 00:39:17,760
myself we were also told to to keep it

1051
00:39:22,710 --> 00:39:19,760
quiet and so i didn't want to

1052
00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:22,720
uh screen too much or go around

1053
00:39:26,230 --> 00:39:24,800
telling everybody at work because you

1054
00:39:28,390 --> 00:39:26,240
know being at the johnson space center

1055
00:39:30,310 --> 00:39:28,400
and i was afraid of get letting it out

1056
00:39:31,910 --> 00:39:30,320
when i wasn't supposed to so i went home

1057
00:39:33,190 --> 00:39:31,920
it was around lunch time and i went home

1058
00:39:36,550 --> 00:39:33,200
and i don't think i went back to work

1059
00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:36,560
that day i was just too excited

1060
00:39:41,109 --> 00:39:38,800
so that's our our stories and probably

1061
00:39:43,349 --> 00:39:41,119
very similar to yours the the excitement

1062
00:39:45,829 --> 00:39:43,359
that you feel that day is just hard to

1063
00:39:47,510 --> 00:39:45,839
to describe to anybody but we know what

1064
00:39:49,910 --> 00:39:47,520
you're going through so congratulations

1065
00:39:51,829 --> 00:39:49,920
it's really exciting um

1066
00:39:53,190 --> 00:39:51,839
just kind of thinking about what i would

1067
00:39:54,870 --> 00:39:53,200
have liked to know

1068
00:39:57,430 --> 00:39:54,880
in this period of time from you from

1069
00:39:59,990 --> 00:39:57,440
this phone call until you show up

1070
00:40:02,710 --> 00:40:00,000
and then in your first few first few

1071
00:40:04,069 --> 00:40:02,720
weeks or months here at the space center

1072
00:40:06,470 --> 00:40:04,079
really nothing it's a great place to

1073
00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:06,480
work it's a really family oriented place

1074
00:40:09,750 --> 00:40:08,000
to work

1075
00:40:12,470 --> 00:40:09,760
take care of all your personal things

1076
00:40:13,349 --> 00:40:12,480
right now make sure your your uh got

1077
00:40:18,390 --> 00:40:13,359
your

1078
00:40:19,670 --> 00:40:18,400
stuff in order to make the transition to

1079
00:40:21,750 --> 00:40:19,680
houston if you're not already living

1080
00:40:24,069 --> 00:40:21,760
here uh because you're going to be busy

1081
00:40:26,230 --> 00:40:24,079
in the next year so you want to take

1082
00:40:28,790 --> 00:40:26,240
this time from now

1083
00:40:30,950 --> 00:40:28,800
it'll happen fast but this next month or

1084
00:40:33,349 --> 00:40:30,960
so a couple months to to get your plan

1085
00:40:34,790 --> 00:40:33,359
ready to go and then and have a smooth

1086
00:40:36,550 --> 00:40:34,800
transition

1087
00:40:38,710 --> 00:40:36,560
so you're ready to work and be and learn

1088
00:40:40,470 --> 00:40:38,720
all the things you need to learn

1089
00:40:43,589 --> 00:40:40,480
to come up here and join us on the space

1090
00:40:45,190 --> 00:40:43,599
station karen what do you think

1091
00:40:46,550 --> 00:40:45,200
well i was actually living in houston

1092
00:40:48,870 --> 00:40:46,560
when it happened so i didn't have to do

1093
00:40:50,390 --> 00:40:48,880
all the the moving but um just hearing

1094
00:40:52,069 --> 00:40:50,400
from my classmates i know you guys are

1095
00:40:53,829 --> 00:40:52,079
going to be going through a lot getting

1096
00:40:55,750 --> 00:40:53,839
getting your families uprooted and

1097
00:40:57,750 --> 00:40:55,760
coming to houston but

1098
00:40:59,030 --> 00:40:57,760
just know that this the astronaut office

1099
00:41:01,270 --> 00:40:59,040
is a big family and there are lots of

1100
00:41:02,630 --> 00:41:01,280
people to help you so if you need to

1101
00:41:04,550 --> 00:41:02,640
reach out to somebody to help you as

1102
00:41:06,630 --> 00:41:04,560
you're moving into town i'm sure there

1103
00:41:11,349 --> 00:41:06,640
are plenty of people i'm willing to help

1104
00:41:14,950 --> 00:41:13,589
and it probably seems like a long ways

1105
00:41:16,630 --> 00:41:14,960
away when they scare you and tell you

1106
00:41:19,270 --> 00:41:16,640
how how long it's going to be until you

1107
00:41:20,710 --> 00:41:19,280
fly in space but trust us it is so worth

1108
00:41:22,470 --> 00:41:20,720
it right now it's we're having just a

1109
00:41:24,230 --> 00:41:22,480
great time floating around

1110
00:41:26,069 --> 00:41:24,240
and uh

1111
00:41:28,309 --> 00:41:26,079
getting to be here on the space station

1112
00:41:30,069 --> 00:41:28,319
looking out the window looking at our

1113
00:41:32,309 --> 00:41:30,079
uh sharing meals with our russian

1114
00:41:34,309 --> 00:41:32,319
cosmonaut crewmates it's just it's just

1115
00:41:37,349 --> 00:41:34,319
a blast so all the training all the hard

1116
00:41:39,510 --> 00:41:37,359
work uh is worth it and like we said

1117
00:41:42,390 --> 00:41:39,520
it's a fantastic place to work at nasa

1118
00:41:44,710 --> 00:41:42,400
so welcome to the nasa family the

1119
00:41:47,190 --> 00:41:44,720
astronaut office family uh to you and

1120
00:41:50,309 --> 00:41:47,200
your families we're really happy to have

1121
00:41:50,319 --> 00:41:55,670
welcome aboard

1122
00:41:59,349 --> 00:41:57,430
okay that again some special words from

1123
00:42:01,270 --> 00:41:59,359
the on-orbit crew two of our crewmates

1124
00:42:02,950 --> 00:42:01,280
that are living there and working on the

1125
00:42:04,390 --> 00:42:02,960
international space station i think we

1126
00:42:07,030 --> 00:42:04,400
probably all want to apply after

1127
00:42:08,790 --> 00:42:07,040
watching that um very exciting so we're

1128
00:42:10,230 --> 00:42:08,800
going to switch back now to the phone

1129
00:42:11,829 --> 00:42:10,240
bridge with some more questions from

1130
00:42:13,670 --> 00:42:11,839
some of the media representatives who've

1131
00:42:15,510 --> 00:42:13,680
likewise been interested in this

1132
00:42:17,910 --> 00:42:15,520
we'll start with pete spots with the

1133
00:42:19,109 --> 00:42:17,920
christian science monitor

1134
00:42:21,670 --> 00:42:19,119
well thank you very much and i think

1135
00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:21,680
this may be for uh for janet

1136
00:42:26,069 --> 00:42:23,920
lots of scuba experience here

1137
00:42:27,990 --> 00:42:26,079
no small amount of experience in

1138
00:42:29,910 --> 00:42:28,000
isolated places for fairly long periods

1139
00:42:32,790 --> 00:42:29,920
of time i wonder if you could just kind

1140
00:42:34,950 --> 00:42:32,800
of go over a bit of how the needs of the

1141
00:42:36,069 --> 00:42:34,960
astronaut core have changed over the

1142
00:42:37,910 --> 00:42:36,079
years

1143
00:42:40,150 --> 00:42:37,920
and i also noticed a fair bit of test

1144
00:42:41,910 --> 00:42:40,160
pilot experience i wonder if this is

1145
00:42:43,589 --> 00:42:41,920
kind of a bit like the

1146
00:42:45,829 --> 00:42:43,599
in a sense like the days back you know

1147
00:42:48,230 --> 00:42:45,839
mercury in germany and so forth where

1148
00:42:50,630 --> 00:42:48,240
there was active uh capsule development

1149
00:42:52,630 --> 00:42:50,640
going on and so there might be a higher

1150
00:42:54,150 --> 00:42:52,640
a slightly higher premium on those skill

1151
00:42:56,630 --> 00:42:54,160
sets than there might have been you know

1152
00:42:58,710 --> 00:42:56,640
five ten years ago

1153
00:42:59,829 --> 00:42:58,720
oh yeah you're right there some of that

1154
00:43:01,349 --> 00:42:59,839
is true

1155
00:43:03,990 --> 00:43:01,359
part of it is what i mentioned earlier

1156
00:43:05,510 --> 00:43:04,000
we have just four americans flying to

1157
00:43:07,589 --> 00:43:05,520
the international space station per year

1158
00:43:09,589 --> 00:43:07,599
right now so when we have smaller

1159
00:43:11,990 --> 00:43:09,599
classes each individual really needs to

1160
00:43:13,910 --> 00:43:12,000
have a huge amount of skill set they can

1161
00:43:16,470 --> 00:43:13,920
bring forward just you don't have the

1162
00:43:18,790 --> 00:43:16,480
luxury of taking too many people so each

1163
00:43:21,670 --> 00:43:18,800
person is just actually chock full of

1164
00:43:23,190 --> 00:43:21,680
talent um so yeah they the people that

1165
00:43:25,510 --> 00:43:23,200
we've looked at and the people that tend

1166
00:43:27,829 --> 00:43:25,520
to be the most successful are people

1167
00:43:30,870 --> 00:43:27,839
that have shown a lot of experience in

1168
00:43:33,270 --> 00:43:30,880
remote operations who are very hands-on

1169
00:43:35,510 --> 00:43:33,280
type people are familiar with tools and

1170
00:43:37,829 --> 00:43:35,520
operations with tools who are

1171
00:43:39,349 --> 00:43:37,839
comfortable in different cultures and

1172
00:43:40,870 --> 00:43:39,359
different countries

1173
00:43:42,950 --> 00:43:40,880
and as you as you saw in these

1174
00:43:44,550 --> 00:43:42,960
candidates if they weren't military who

1175
00:43:47,109 --> 00:43:44,560
by default you know a lot of hands-on

1176
00:43:48,870 --> 00:43:47,119
operations in all parts of the world

1177
00:43:50,390 --> 00:43:48,880
then there are research scientists who

1178
00:43:52,710 --> 00:43:50,400
have also deployed to remote

1179
00:43:54,550 --> 00:43:52,720
environments and they're used to not

1180
00:43:57,030 --> 00:43:54,560
being comfortable they work in some

1181
00:43:58,870 --> 00:43:57,040
pretty extreme environments like space

1182
00:44:01,349 --> 00:43:58,880
only not quite space

1183
00:44:03,190 --> 00:44:01,359
but it's it's just easier transition for

1184
00:44:05,349 --> 00:44:03,200
people when they've experienced those

1185
00:44:07,190 --> 00:44:05,359
kinds of hardships and and uncomfortable

1186
00:44:08,630 --> 00:44:07,200
physical environments and have had a lot

1187
00:44:10,790 --> 00:44:08,640
of hands-on enviro

1188
00:44:12,069 --> 00:44:10,800
experience they just tend to do a lot

1189
00:44:14,470 --> 00:44:12,079
better and that's what we've learned

1190
00:44:16,309 --> 00:44:14,480
over all these decades of of human space

1191
00:44:18,309 --> 00:44:16,319
flight as the type of people that seem

1192
00:44:21,589 --> 00:44:18,319
to work best and those are the type of

1193
00:44:23,510 --> 00:44:21,599
people that we're seeking out now

1194
00:44:26,790 --> 00:44:23,520
okay and we want to switch to lisa

1195
00:44:28,550 --> 00:44:26,800
grossman with new scientists

1196
00:44:30,950 --> 00:44:28,560
hi thanks for taking my question

1197
00:44:32,710 --> 00:44:30,960
i was wondering if we don't know

1198
00:44:34,630 --> 00:44:32,720
precisely when or where the astronauts

1199
00:44:36,309 --> 00:44:34,640
are going um i saw that there's a bill

1200
00:44:38,230 --> 00:44:36,319
in the house right now that's being

1201
00:44:40,710 --> 00:44:38,240
debated this week about

1202
00:44:43,349 --> 00:44:40,720
maybe not going to an asteroid after all

1203
00:44:44,230 --> 00:44:43,359
but going back to the moon so without a

1204
00:44:47,430 --> 00:44:44,240
clear

1205
00:44:51,829 --> 00:44:47,440
destination how do has that changed how

1206
00:44:55,430 --> 00:44:54,230
well i'll take that question um

1207
00:44:57,670 --> 00:44:55,440
certainly a lot of their initial

1208
00:44:59,510 --> 00:44:57,680
training uh is going to be understanding

1209
00:45:01,270 --> 00:44:59,520
more about nasa more about the astronaut

1210
00:45:03,510 --> 00:45:01,280
core learning about the international

1211
00:45:05,190 --> 00:45:03,520
space station which as i mentioned

1212
00:45:06,150 --> 00:45:05,200
is going to be operating for a number of

1213
00:45:07,670 --> 00:45:06,160
years

1214
00:45:09,349 --> 00:45:07,680
we are looking at a number of different

1215
00:45:11,510 --> 00:45:09,359
mission concepts there is an exciting

1216
00:45:12,390 --> 00:45:11,520
one that we're exploring right now

1217
00:45:15,190 --> 00:45:12,400
to

1218
00:45:17,829 --> 00:45:15,200
explore an asteroid first with a robotic

1219
00:45:20,550 --> 00:45:17,839
mission which would push the envelope in

1220
00:45:21,589 --> 00:45:20,560
terms of solar electric propulsion

1221
00:45:27,990 --> 00:45:21,599
and

1222
00:45:29,430 --> 00:45:28,000
would redirect it into an orbit a stable

1223
00:45:31,589 --> 00:45:29,440
orbit around the moon actually send

1224
00:45:33,589 --> 00:45:31,599
people up on orion

1225
00:45:35,349 --> 00:45:33,599
and be able to take samples of that

1226
00:45:36,390 --> 00:45:35,359
asteroid which would be a very exciting

1227
00:45:38,870 --> 00:45:36,400
mission

1228
00:45:41,270 --> 00:45:38,880
all of this is really designed to say

1229
00:45:43,349 --> 00:45:41,280
how do we learn to live in space beyond

1230
00:45:45,109 --> 00:45:43,359
low earth orbit

1231
00:45:46,790 --> 00:45:45,119
and how are we developing those

1232
00:45:48,950 --> 00:45:46,800
capabilities that will eventually take

1233
00:45:51,670 --> 00:45:48,960
us to mars and a lot of those are the

1234
00:45:53,990 --> 00:45:51,680
same even if you look at a variety of

1235
00:45:56,470 --> 00:45:54,000
different destinations anywhere in the

1236
00:45:59,109 --> 00:45:56,480
you know earth moon vicinity

1237
00:46:01,270 --> 00:45:59,119
asteroids and beyond eventually moons of

1238
00:46:04,390 --> 00:46:01,280
mars or mars

1239
00:46:05,589 --> 00:46:04,400
so a lot of the training you we will do

1240
00:46:07,910 --> 00:46:05,599
with them

1241
00:46:09,750 --> 00:46:07,920
will be needed for any of those and so

1242
00:46:12,230 --> 00:46:09,760
they've already got a training program

1243
00:46:14,710 --> 00:46:12,240
planned and and they'll learn about

1244
00:46:17,109 --> 00:46:14,720
systems and spacecraft and and they'll

1245
00:46:19,589 --> 00:46:17,119
learn about doing space walks

1246
00:46:21,670 --> 00:46:19,599
and uh quite a bit of other things that

1247
00:46:26,150 --> 00:46:21,680
will be applicable to

1248
00:46:27,750 --> 00:46:26,160
many different uh destinations in space

1249
00:46:29,910 --> 00:46:27,760
all right who is that speaking there was

1250
00:46:31,589 --> 00:46:29,920
both eleanor janet

1251
00:46:35,190 --> 00:46:31,599
that was ellen

1252
00:46:40,390 --> 00:46:37,750
and i wanted while we have mike and kate

1253
00:46:42,870 --> 00:46:40,400
um i wanted to switch a little bit to

1254
00:46:44,150 --> 00:46:42,880
back to kind of imagining these

1255
00:46:46,069 --> 00:46:44,160
astronaut candidates what they're doing

1256
00:46:47,349 --> 00:46:46,079
and preparing to come to houston they're

1257
00:46:48,630 --> 00:46:47,359
going to arrive they're going to get a

1258
00:46:50,309 --> 00:46:48,640
little bit of orientation at johnson

1259
00:46:52,470 --> 00:46:50,319
space center and meet their classmates

1260
00:46:54,550 --> 00:46:52,480
but pretty soon pretty quickly off the

1261
00:46:56,069 --> 00:46:54,560
bat i think you go into some special

1262
00:46:57,670 --> 00:46:56,079
training including land survival

1263
00:46:59,190 --> 00:46:57,680
training can you both tell us a little

1264
00:47:00,630 --> 00:46:59,200
bit about what that's like to be meeting

1265
00:47:02,790 --> 00:47:00,640
new people getting this new place and

1266
00:47:05,589 --> 00:47:02,800
then you're you know jumping right into

1267
00:47:07,750 --> 00:47:05,599
some really unique training situations

1268
00:47:10,150 --> 00:47:07,760
well it's a lot of fun actually land

1269
00:47:12,710 --> 00:47:10,160
survival we we all undertake land

1270
00:47:14,950 --> 00:47:12,720
survival training because we fly around

1271
00:47:16,950 --> 00:47:14,960
the country training in in t-38

1272
00:47:19,589 --> 00:47:16,960
high-performance aircraft that have

1273
00:47:21,030 --> 00:47:19,599
ejection seats and we could in extremis

1274
00:47:22,870 --> 00:47:21,040
have to jump out of that airplane

1275
00:47:25,349 --> 00:47:22,880
sometime and end up in a harsh

1276
00:47:27,910 --> 00:47:25,359
environment so we want to be prepared to

1277
00:47:31,349 --> 00:47:27,920
be able to survive until we're rescued

1278
00:47:33,430 --> 00:47:31,359
or or picked up so uh it's a fun fun

1279
00:47:34,870 --> 00:47:33,440
time because you're just coming together

1280
00:47:36,710 --> 00:47:34,880
with your class you're meeting these

1281
00:47:38,150 --> 00:47:36,720
people for the first time and you're

1282
00:47:40,630 --> 00:47:38,160
getting to experience something like

1283
00:47:43,109 --> 00:47:40,640
this together it's it's it's a way to

1284
00:47:44,870 --> 00:47:43,119
kind of bond as a class and for my class

1285
00:47:46,470 --> 00:47:44,880
in particular we had a lot of fun doing

1286
00:47:48,470 --> 00:47:46,480
that so

1287
00:47:50,309 --> 00:47:48,480
yeah i remember on the very first day we

1288
00:47:51,910 --> 00:47:50,319
actually all met at the badging office

1289
00:47:53,829 --> 00:47:51,920
of all places and you're sitting in this

1290
00:47:54,870 --> 00:47:53,839
very pedestrian looking building and

1291
00:47:56,550 --> 00:47:54,880
you're kind of looking around at all

1292
00:47:58,309 --> 00:47:56,560
these folks and you're sort of wondering

1293
00:47:59,510 --> 00:47:58,319
how you even got here in the first place

1294
00:48:00,870 --> 00:47:59,520
but second of all you're looking at

1295
00:48:02,630 --> 00:48:00,880
these folks and you're saying you know i

1296
00:48:03,829 --> 00:48:02,640
don't know them at all but in about five

1297
00:48:05,670 --> 00:48:03,839
six weeks they're going to be my best

1298
00:48:07,430 --> 00:48:05,680
friends and we're going to go through

1299
00:48:08,630 --> 00:48:07,440
an amazing two years together and and

1300
00:48:09,430 --> 00:48:08,640
these are going to be colleagues really

1301
00:48:11,349 --> 00:48:09,440
that you're going to have for the rest

1302
00:48:13,349 --> 00:48:11,359
of your life so it's a pretty neat time

1303
00:48:15,270 --> 00:48:13,359
getting to know everybody and um you

1304
00:48:18,069 --> 00:48:15,280
know the land survival is it's got some

1305
00:48:19,510 --> 00:48:18,079
real practical aspects too we um

1306
00:48:21,270 --> 00:48:19,520
you know all of the spacecraft that

1307
00:48:23,270 --> 00:48:21,280
we're developing are going to land back

1308
00:48:25,510 --> 00:48:23,280
on earth at some point in land or water

1309
00:48:27,349 --> 00:48:25,520
and so we need the survival training uh

1310
00:48:29,510 --> 00:48:27,359
both to get us ready for things like

1311
00:48:31,829 --> 00:48:29,520
russian winter survival training as well

1312
00:48:33,829 --> 00:48:31,839
as water survival training uh and all

1313
00:48:34,870 --> 00:48:33,839
the sort of um demanding training

1314
00:48:37,349 --> 00:48:34,880
programs that we're going to be asked to

1315
00:48:38,870 --> 00:48:37,359
do in the future so it's it's a neat way

1316
00:48:40,710 --> 00:48:38,880
to bond with the group and then it's

1317
00:48:42,470 --> 00:48:40,720
also some really good training that is

1318
00:48:43,670 --> 00:48:42,480
going to serve you well in your later

1319
00:48:45,270 --> 00:48:43,680
years

1320
00:48:46,790 --> 00:48:45,280
and you've kind of touched on some of

1321
00:48:48,630 --> 00:48:46,800
those unique training scenarios but

1322
00:48:49,829 --> 00:48:48,640
there's really a really broad spectrum

1323
00:48:51,750 --> 00:48:49,839
of things that you're going to do in

1324
00:48:53,750 --> 00:48:51,760
that first year and a half or so can you

1325
00:48:56,230 --> 00:48:53,760
each tell us like what was the most what

1326
00:48:57,829 --> 00:48:56,240
was your most favorite part

1327
00:49:00,390 --> 00:48:57,839
for me my favorite training was a

1328
00:49:02,390 --> 00:49:00,400
spacewalk training you know as a kid

1329
00:49:03,190 --> 00:49:02,400
growing up wanting to be an astronaut

1330
00:49:06,630 --> 00:49:03,200
i

1331
00:49:09,190 --> 00:49:06,640
to be able to do as an astronaut was to

1332
00:49:11,430 --> 00:49:09,200
uh to do a spacewalk so i enjoyed the

1333
00:49:13,990 --> 00:49:11,440
spacewalk training the most and uh i

1334
00:49:16,390 --> 00:49:14,000
know i got some robotic training to

1335
00:49:17,910 --> 00:49:16,400
operate the robotic arms but

1336
00:49:19,670 --> 00:49:17,920
it seemed like they didn't give me a

1337
00:49:21,430 --> 00:49:19,680
whole lot of that training maybe maybe

1338
00:49:23,430 --> 00:49:21,440
uh you know i just didn't do that well i

1339
00:49:25,270 --> 00:49:23,440
don't know what the problem was maybe i

1340
00:49:27,990 --> 00:49:25,280
didn't push for it hard enough but

1341
00:49:28,790 --> 00:49:28,000
but i was fine spending devoting my time

1342
00:49:30,790 --> 00:49:28,800
uh

1343
00:49:32,230 --> 00:49:30,800
developing those spacewalk skills that i

1344
00:49:34,150 --> 00:49:32,240
actually got to use

1345
00:49:37,030 --> 00:49:34,160
a few times in space so

1346
00:49:39,030 --> 00:49:37,040
that was my favorite training by far

1347
00:49:40,630 --> 00:49:39,040
um for mine i i didn't come from an

1348
00:49:42,950 --> 00:49:40,640
aviation background i was a scientific

1349
00:49:45,430 --> 00:49:42,960
researcher before so for me getting a

1350
00:49:47,910 --> 00:49:45,440
chance to go to pensacola and learn how

1351
00:49:49,270 --> 00:49:47,920
to fly was the most exciting thing um

1352
00:49:51,190 --> 00:49:49,280
you know a lot of folks say well why are

1353
00:49:52,790 --> 00:49:51,200
we flying we don't fly a winged vehicle

1354
00:49:54,950 --> 00:49:52,800
anymore and it's not the fact that

1355
00:49:57,829 --> 00:49:54,960
you're learning how to fly something in

1356
00:49:59,270 --> 00:49:57,839
space it's the kind of pressure that um

1357
00:50:01,109 --> 00:49:59,280
flying in a high performance aircraft

1358
00:50:03,190 --> 00:50:01,119
puts on you you have to make decisions

1359
00:50:05,430 --> 00:50:03,200
incredibly quickly you have to learn a

1360
00:50:07,190 --> 00:50:05,440
huge amount of information about systems

1361
00:50:09,589 --> 00:50:07,200
and be able to react in milliseconds to

1362
00:50:11,829 --> 00:50:09,599
an emergency and so practicing that is

1363
00:50:13,589 --> 00:50:11,839
an incredible model for for flying in

1364
00:50:15,670 --> 00:50:13,599
space and so that was some of the i

1365
00:50:18,630 --> 00:50:15,680
think the most intense and then also the

1366
00:50:20,470 --> 00:50:18,640
most valuable training that i've gotten

1367
00:50:21,990 --> 00:50:20,480
um you kind of alluded to the pressure

1368
00:50:23,750 --> 00:50:22,000
that's another thing i'm kind of curious

1369
00:50:26,230 --> 00:50:23,760
about for new arrivals you know they're

1370
00:50:27,829 --> 00:50:26,240
coming to nasa which is a new culture

1371
00:50:29,510 --> 00:50:27,839
but also going through this

1372
00:50:31,589 --> 00:50:29,520
extraordinary training there's a lot of

1373
00:50:33,270 --> 00:50:31,599
attention on them did you feel pressure

1374
00:50:34,950 --> 00:50:33,280
along those lines of just of just

1375
00:50:36,230 --> 00:50:34,960
performing even though you've you know

1376
00:50:37,990 --> 00:50:36,240
all the candidates obviously have been

1377
00:50:40,630 --> 00:50:38,000
high performers previously but is that

1378
00:50:42,630 --> 00:50:40,640
something that you experienced

1379
00:50:44,390 --> 00:50:42,640
you know i think uh the the type of

1380
00:50:46,309 --> 00:50:44,400
people that end up becoming astronauts

1381
00:50:48,950 --> 00:50:46,319
that nasa selects are

1382
00:50:51,030 --> 00:50:48,960
typically type a personalities and and

1383
00:50:53,030 --> 00:50:51,040
we all tend to put this pressure on

1384
00:50:55,430 --> 00:50:53,040
ourselves more than i don't think it was

1385
00:50:57,670 --> 00:50:55,440
nasa or the instructors here putting

1386
00:50:59,510 --> 00:50:57,680
pressure on us uh

1387
00:51:01,510 --> 00:50:59,520
generally all of the training is is

1388
00:51:03,990 --> 00:51:01,520
taught very well so that

1389
00:51:06,549 --> 00:51:04,000
it's easily understandable uh although

1390
00:51:09,190 --> 00:51:06,559
requires some work

1391
00:51:10,950 --> 00:51:09,200
there's no real pressure except that the

1392
00:51:12,950 --> 00:51:10,960
pressure that you put on yourself i

1393
00:51:13,990 --> 00:51:12,960
think to do well

1394
00:51:15,829 --> 00:51:14,000
yeah and one of the things that you

1395
00:51:17,349 --> 00:51:15,839
notice when you when you get to nasa and

1396
00:51:20,069 --> 00:51:17,359
particularly when you get to johnson

1397
00:51:21,510 --> 00:51:20,079
space center is you meet a huge number

1398
00:51:23,990 --> 00:51:21,520
of people who are extraordinarily

1399
00:51:25,829 --> 00:51:24,000
passionate and dedicated to what they do

1400
00:51:27,510 --> 00:51:25,839
and you know that your training is the

1401
00:51:29,349 --> 00:51:27,520
end result of everything that they're

1402
00:51:31,030 --> 00:51:29,359
putting into their job and so there's a

1403
00:51:33,589 --> 00:51:31,040
there's a pressure to do well for them

1404
00:51:35,270 --> 00:51:33,599
because you know they've done everything

1405
00:51:37,030 --> 00:51:35,280
from building the mock-up to designing

1406
00:51:40,549 --> 00:51:37,040
the engineering to designing your

1407
00:51:42,309 --> 00:51:40,559
training program and so um you're you're

1408
00:51:44,390 --> 00:51:42,319
at the very tip of the spear and you

1409
00:51:45,990 --> 00:51:44,400
want to make sure that you are doing the

1410
00:51:47,510 --> 00:51:46,000
best that you can for the space program

1411
00:51:50,390 --> 00:51:47,520
because it's an incredible honor and a

1412
00:51:52,549 --> 00:51:50,400
privilege to even be selected

1413
00:51:53,750 --> 00:51:52,559
absolutely um while we have a few

1414
00:51:55,109 --> 00:51:53,760
minutes left we're going to try to

1415
00:51:57,750 --> 00:51:55,119
squeeze in a few more questions both

1416
00:51:59,190 --> 00:51:57,760
from social media and traditional media

1417
00:52:01,829 --> 00:51:59,200
with that we'll switch back over to the

1418
00:52:11,750 --> 00:52:01,839
phone bridge for a question from theron

1419
00:52:14,710 --> 00:52:12,870
okay

1420
00:52:18,230 --> 00:52:14,720
we'll switch to todd halverson with

1421
00:52:23,589 --> 00:52:21,430
todd halverson of uh florida today um

1422
00:52:24,950 --> 00:52:23,599
mike touched on this a bit but i was

1423
00:52:27,589 --> 00:52:24,960
wondering uh

1424
00:52:30,390 --> 00:52:27,599
besides all these folks being type a

1425
00:52:33,670 --> 00:52:30,400
personalities i'm wondering if there are

1426
00:52:35,750 --> 00:52:33,680
other common personality traits and all

1427
00:52:38,150 --> 00:52:35,760
eight of those selected and and for that

1428
00:52:41,510 --> 00:52:38,160
matter uh folks in the astronaut corps

1429
00:52:45,829 --> 00:52:43,990
i guess that's mine um

1430
00:52:47,510 --> 00:52:45,839
i don't know if there's one particular

1431
00:52:49,270 --> 00:52:47,520
personality trait that's in common to

1432
00:52:50,710 --> 00:52:49,280
everyone other than everyone has wanted

1433
00:52:52,230 --> 00:52:50,720
to do this for most of their lives and

1434
00:52:54,549 --> 00:52:52,240
are very very excited and passionate

1435
00:52:57,829 --> 00:52:54,559
about human space flight

1436
00:52:59,349 --> 00:52:57,839
they do all generally have a

1437
00:53:00,870 --> 00:52:59,359
type personalities that they're very

1438
00:53:03,430 --> 00:53:00,880
high achievers

1439
00:53:04,710 --> 00:53:03,440
i think the the quality that probably

1440
00:53:07,349 --> 00:53:04,720
most of them have is that they don't

1441
00:53:09,750 --> 00:53:07,359
give up easily they're very persistent

1442
00:53:11,270 --> 00:53:09,760
which is a very important trait to have

1443
00:53:13,430 --> 00:53:11,280
when you come here because some of the

1444
00:53:15,670 --> 00:53:13,440
training is is quite challenging

1445
00:53:17,670 --> 00:53:15,680
especially the spacewalk training that

1446
00:53:20,470 --> 00:53:17,680
mike mentioned that's physically very

1447
00:53:22,470 --> 00:53:20,480
challenging the aviation training is is

1448
00:53:24,150 --> 00:53:22,480
challenging for people who've never had

1449
00:53:25,910 --> 00:53:24,160
a lot of aviation training in the past

1450
00:53:27,670 --> 00:53:25,920
robotics training can be quite

1451
00:53:29,270 --> 00:53:27,680
challenging because of the spatial

1452
00:53:31,510 --> 00:53:29,280
orientation of the

1453
00:53:33,109 --> 00:53:31,520
of the robotic arm and things like that

1454
00:53:34,790 --> 00:53:33,119
so there are challenges for everyone

1455
00:53:36,390 --> 00:53:34,800
once they get here and if you if your

1456
00:53:37,910 --> 00:53:36,400
person gives up easily well first of all

1457
00:53:38,950 --> 00:53:37,920
they wouldn't have applied and waited

1458
00:53:40,710 --> 00:53:38,960
for song

1459
00:53:42,790 --> 00:53:40,720
and gotten all the degrees that they got

1460
00:53:44,470 --> 00:53:42,800
but they they wouldn't make it through

1461
00:53:47,030 --> 00:53:44,480
their training here so i think that

1462
00:53:49,190 --> 00:53:47,040
persistence and that determination and

1463
00:53:52,950 --> 00:53:49,200
that passion are the qualities that we

1464
00:53:58,069 --> 00:53:56,470
okay now switching back to social media

1465
00:54:00,589 --> 00:53:58,079
i believe this one was submitted by

1466
00:54:03,670 --> 00:54:00,599
twitter at

1467
00:54:05,990 --> 00:54:03,680
kathyr35 who asks how many times on

1468
00:54:07,510 --> 00:54:06,000
average did these candidates apply and

1469
00:54:09,030 --> 00:54:07,520
i'm not sure janet if you happen to

1470
00:54:10,790 --> 00:54:09,040
recall that but i know that

1471
00:54:13,190 --> 00:54:10,800
traditionally a lot of the current

1472
00:54:15,270 --> 00:54:13,200
astronauts are people who have reply um

1473
00:54:16,470 --> 00:54:15,280
applied multiple times so that's that's

1474
00:54:19,670 --> 00:54:16,480
kind of common do you know if that was

1475
00:54:21,270 --> 00:54:19,680
something yeah if i recall correctly i

1476
00:54:22,790 --> 00:54:21,280
think three of the candidates that were

1477
00:54:24,710 --> 00:54:22,800
selecting had been interviewed in

1478
00:54:27,349 --> 00:54:24,720
previous interviews and so we're

1479
00:54:29,349 --> 00:54:27,359
selected on their second or third try

1480
00:54:31,030 --> 00:54:29,359
and i believe that there are remaining

1481
00:54:33,190 --> 00:54:31,040
five candidates so it was all their

1482
00:54:34,470 --> 00:54:33,200
first time applying and being

1483
00:54:36,309 --> 00:54:34,480
interviewed i'm not sure about applying

1484
00:54:37,109 --> 00:54:36,319
but at least being interviewed

1485
00:54:39,190 --> 00:54:37,119
okay

1486
00:54:41,349 --> 00:54:39,200
and one other one from social media this

1487
00:54:43,030 --> 00:54:41,359
is from datachick who asks with

1488
00:54:44,790 --> 00:54:43,040
commercial flight and other nations

1489
00:54:49,589 --> 00:54:44,800
starting their own space programs how

1490
00:54:52,870 --> 00:54:51,109
um well

1491
00:54:55,270 --> 00:54:52,880
the the main difference is what i

1492
00:54:56,470 --> 00:54:55,280
mentioned earlier that when we flew the

1493
00:54:58,790 --> 00:54:56,480
space shuttle

1494
00:55:00,390 --> 00:54:58,800
we had a lot of people flying into space

1495
00:55:02,230 --> 00:55:00,400
every year because we had six to seven

1496
00:55:05,190 --> 00:55:02,240
people on every space shuttle flight and

1497
00:55:08,710 --> 00:55:05,200
we flew five to six times a year so it

1498
00:55:10,470 --> 00:55:08,720
was between 30 35 people a year that

1499
00:55:12,790 --> 00:55:10,480
flew into space that were mostly

1500
00:55:14,870 --> 00:55:12,800
americans now that we're flying to the

1501
00:55:16,470 --> 00:55:14,880
space station on the soyuz there's only

1502
00:55:18,790 --> 00:55:16,480
three seats on each soyuz that launches

1503
00:55:21,430 --> 00:55:18,800
four times a year and generally we have

1504
00:55:23,750 --> 00:55:21,440
one american and one of those seats on

1505
00:55:24,470 --> 00:55:23,760
each soyuz so the number of people that

1506
00:55:26,630 --> 00:55:24,480
fly

1507
00:55:28,390 --> 00:55:26,640
from the united states is is definitely

1508
00:55:31,349 --> 00:55:28,400
a lot smaller

1509
00:55:33,349 --> 00:55:31,359
and a lot of times whenever we have

1510
00:55:35,270 --> 00:55:33,359
international partners they take up the

1511
00:55:37,349 --> 00:55:35,280
second seat whenever

1512
00:55:39,910 --> 00:55:37,359
the united states has more than one seat

1513
00:55:42,470 --> 00:55:39,920
on the on a soyuz mission so it rotates

1514
00:55:46,069 --> 00:55:42,480
between two and one for americans or

1515
00:55:47,829 --> 00:55:46,079
usos united states uh team and so it's

1516
00:55:49,510 --> 00:55:47,839
usually one american and then one

1517
00:55:52,230 --> 00:55:49,520
international partner and a russian or

1518
00:55:53,829 --> 00:55:52,240
two russians and an american

1519
00:55:55,270 --> 00:55:53,839
okay and we're going to try to squeeze

1520
00:55:57,910 --> 00:55:55,280
in one more question before we wrap this

1521
00:56:01,030 --> 00:55:57,920
up from miriam kramer on the phone

1522
00:56:06,950 --> 00:56:02,870
hi there thanks for doing this um yeah

1523
00:56:09,589 --> 00:56:06,960
i'm actually curious so what sort of uh

1524
00:56:10,789 --> 00:56:09,599
uh denoted the class size so i guess

1525
00:56:12,630 --> 00:56:10,799
what i'm really asking is sort of what

1526
00:56:15,589 --> 00:56:12,640
is the difference between having eight

1527
00:56:17,910 --> 00:56:15,599
in a class versus having nine um how is

1528
00:56:20,150 --> 00:56:17,920
that decided

1529
00:56:21,829 --> 00:56:20,160
well and that's it's hard to say that

1530
00:56:23,589 --> 00:56:21,839
you know that we set out looking for

1531
00:56:25,190 --> 00:56:23,599
eight we look we knew we would need a

1532
00:56:27,349 --> 00:56:25,200
small number and again that's because

1533
00:56:28,710 --> 00:56:27,359
the size of the office is much smaller

1534
00:56:30,789 --> 00:56:28,720
now we just don't need the number of

1535
00:56:32,950 --> 00:56:30,799
people people that we needed a few years

1536
00:56:34,950 --> 00:56:32,960
ago and so

1537
00:56:37,270 --> 00:56:34,960
we looked at the attrition rate in the

1538
00:56:38,710 --> 00:56:37,280
office we looked at medical attrition

1539
00:56:40,789 --> 00:56:38,720
as well as people who are leaving the

1540
00:56:42,630 --> 00:56:40,799
office voluntarily and going out and

1541
00:56:45,750 --> 00:56:42,640
seeking new careers

1542
00:56:47,670 --> 00:56:45,760
and then at the very end um i think

1543
00:56:52,150 --> 00:56:47,680
maybe two years ago i had asked for a

1544
00:56:53,670 --> 00:56:52,160
range of maybe 10 or 8 to 50 or up to 15

1545
00:56:56,789 --> 00:56:53,680
people depending on the size of the

1546
00:56:59,990 --> 00:56:56,799
office how big it would be today and we

1547
00:57:01,990 --> 00:57:00,000
had lost actually more than we thought

1548
00:57:04,230 --> 00:57:02,000
so actually not quite as many as i

1549
00:57:07,510 --> 00:57:04,240
thought so the number was smaller than

1550
00:57:09,270 --> 00:57:07,520
we had intentional had intentionally

1551
00:57:09,990 --> 00:57:09,280
determined it should be

1552
00:57:11,829 --> 00:57:10,000
so

1553
00:57:13,829 --> 00:57:11,839
with the number of flights per year for

1554
00:57:15,750 --> 00:57:13,839
americans and the chief of the astronaut

1555
00:57:17,190 --> 00:57:15,760
office has gone through and looked at

1556
00:57:19,109 --> 00:57:17,200
how many opportunities there are for

1557
00:57:20,950 --> 00:57:19,119
people in the office today we look at

1558
00:57:22,549 --> 00:57:20,960
the rate of people leaving and then we

1559
00:57:24,630 --> 00:57:22,559
determine that eight should be a

1560
00:57:27,750 --> 00:57:24,640
sufficient number of people to get us

1561
00:57:29,270 --> 00:57:27,760
through the next you know three to four

1562
00:57:31,510 --> 00:57:29,280
years before we would have an

1563
00:57:34,309 --> 00:57:31,520
opportunity to select again we should

1564
00:57:36,470 --> 00:57:34,319
maintain that critical number of 45 to

1565
00:57:38,470 --> 00:57:36,480
55 people and be able to meet all the

1566
00:57:40,470 --> 00:57:38,480
manifest requirements for our different

1567
00:57:42,390 --> 00:57:40,480
programs

1568
00:57:44,230 --> 00:57:42,400
all right thank you all so very much and

1569
00:57:45,430 --> 00:57:44,240
thank you to all viewers and we

1570
00:57:47,430 --> 00:57:45,440
encourage you to follow along on